Jo Ann wrote:
> There was an article in this morning's Houston Chronicle about a child
> who had a fatal blood disease, and could only be saved by a stem cell
> implant (I'm paraphrasing).  An embryo was grown in a culture by using
> the egg and sperm of her father and mother.  The embryo was implanted in
> the mother and a piece of the embryo was
> used to grow a stem cell.  The little girl had her transplant, and so far
> is doing well.  The mother had a new baby boy, whom she named Adam.  So
> you can see, embryos do not have to be "killed", to achieve stem cells.
> Jo Ann from Houston

Hi All,
Thank you Jo Ann for pointing me to this great story... murray

Oct.  3, 2000,  9:58AM
Baby created to help save life of sister - By RICK WEISS - Washington Post

A Colorado couple used genetic tests to create a test tube baby that would
have the exact type of cells desperately needed to save their 6-year-old
daughter, doctors said Monday.

The case represents the first time a couple is known to have screened their
embryos before implanting one in the mother's womb for the purpose of saving
the life of a sibling.

The test tube baby, named Adam, was born in Denver on Aug. 29. Doctors
collected cells from his umbilical cord, a painless procedure, and on
Sept. 26 infused them into his sister Molly's circulatory system. The girl
is recuperating in a Minneapolis hospital, and within about a week doctors
should know whether the procedure was successful.

Whether or not the transplant works, doctors and ethicists said, the
procedure is both a promising and worrisome harbinger of where scientific
advances are taking human reproduction in the near future -- at least for
those who can afford to take that path.

On the one hand, experts said, that future will be one in which the power
of genetics and embryo cell research will lead to novel therapies for
incurable diseases. In this case the girl suffered from an inherited bone
marrow deficiency that is universally fatal without a transplant like the
one she got from her newborn brother.

"We knew we were running out of time," said Charles Strom, director of
medical genetics at Illinois Masonic Medical Center, where the genetic
testing was done. Now, he said, the girl has an 85 percent to 90 percent
chance of being largely free of the marrow disease.

On the other hand, the new work also points to a future in which parents
will have unprecedented options to choose the traits of their children,
for whatever practical or capricious reason they may have.

"You could say it's quickly becoming like buying a new car, where you
decide which package of accessories you want," said Jeffrey Kahn, director
of the University of Minnesota's Center for Bioethics. "I suspect that it's
only because we don't yet have the tests that we're not having parents
asking for embryos without a predisposition to homosexuality or for kids
who will grow to more than 6 feet tall."

The girl who received the cell transplant, Molly Nash of Englewood, Colo.,
was born with Fanconi anemia, an inherited disorder that causes a massive
failure of bone marrow cell production. Children with the disease suffer
from anemia, bleeding disorders and severe immune system problems and
generally die from leukemia or other complications by age 7. The only
effective treatment is to get a batch of healthy cells from a perfectly
matched sibling to replace the ailing child's faulty bone marrow cells.

Molly's parents, Lisa and Jack Nash, had long wanted additional children,
but were afraid to conceive another for fear that it, too, would be affected
by the disease. Each parent carries both a normal and a faulty version of
the Fanconi gene, which meant they had a 25 percent chance of having an
affected child with each pregnancy.

But a few years ago they learned of a new technique under development called
preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Researchers harmlessly pluck a single
cell from embryos that have been created by standard in vitro fertilization
and are developing in a laboratory dish. They test each of those cells for
the presence of a disease gene, and then transfer to a woman's uterus only
those embryos whose cells test normal.

Lisa Nash said that when she tried in vitro fertilization for the first time
a few years ago she turned to preimplantation genetic diagnosis primarily to
select an embryo unaffected by Fanconi. She allowed researchers to test the
embryos for compatibility with Molly's cells, but the tests were not very
good then, she said.

The couple went through this four times, and each time benefited from
increasingly sophisticated cell typing tests. But none of the attempts
resulted in a pregnancy. Finally, in the fertility cycle initiated late
last year, two of the couple's 15 embryos tested as both free of the disease
and having a perfect match for Molly, Strom said.

Only one of those two embryos was healthy enough to transfer to Lisa's womb.
On Christmas Eve the couple learned that the embryo had implanted properly
and that Lisa was pregnant.

After Adam was born, doctors saved the blood cells from his umbilical cord.
Research has shown that umbilical cord cells, like transplanted bone marrow
cells, can travel to a recipients bone marrow and repopulate the marrow space
with healthy cells.

The transplant was performed last week at Fairview-University Hospital in
Minneapolis, which specializes in bone marrow replacements for children with
Fanconi anemia.

"Molly was holding Adam in her lap," Lisa Nash said, while the cells dripped
through a plastic tube into the girl's chest. "It was the most awesome,
monumental experience of our life, yet it was so simple. You'd think there'd
be thunderbolts and lightning, but it was calm."

So far, doctors said, Molly is doing well.

"Molly's having no complications whatsoever. She's up and playing on the
computer in her room," said University of Minnesota cord blood specialist
John Wagner, who oversaw the transplant. Soon, he said, she will be out of
the high-risk period that follows such procedures. Doctors suppressed her
immune system with radiation and chemotherapy to increase the chances the
cells would not be rejected.

The Nash case is reminiscent of one in which a California man, Abe Ayala,
had his vasectomy reversed in 1989, 17 years after the birth of his second
and what he thought would be his last child. Ayala took the step so that he
and his wife Mary could have a third child -- one who might serve as a bone
marrow donor for their ailing daughter Anissa.

At 16, Anissa had been diagnosed with a deadly form of leukemia, and the
only possible cure was a cell transplant from a perfectly matched donor,
none of which could be found. The Ayalas knew that they had one-in-four odds
of having a child whose cells matched Anissa's and they took that chance.
Luck was with them. Newborn sister Marissa inherited all the right genes
from her parents, and the cells she provided saved her sister's life.

The new case differs in that luck was not a factor. That's a difference that
some find reassuring, as it eliminates the chance a newborn will disappoint
parents who had wished for a certain cell type. But some find that
troublesome because it moves a step closer to "designer babies."

Both cases raise questions about whether there are "good" or "bad" reasons
to have children -- a concern that Strom was quick to dismiss.

"People have kids for all kinds of reasons: To save a failing marriage, to
work on the family farm, to perpetuate the family name. In the scheme of
things, this is the most wanted child I've ever met. They love the heck out
of this kid."

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