Rabbit Eggs Used to Grow Human Stem Cells.

SHANGHAI, China, Sep 22, 2003 (AP Online via COMTEX) -- Dr. Huizhen Sheng has traveled far in her career as a medical
researcher. But for her most advanced work, she returned home to China.

Sheng led a team of scientists at the Shanghai Second Medical University who have reported fusing human skin cells with
rabbit eggs to produce early stage embryos, which in turn yielded stem cells. The approach suggests a new way to
produce human embryonic stem cells, which many scientists hope to use eventually for treating disease.

The Shanghai scientists' work, published last month in Cell Research, a peer-reviewed journal of the government-
affiliated Chinese Academy of Sciences, is likely to intensify debate over the ethical ramifications of embryonic stem
cell research. Embryos must be destroyed to harvest such cells.

Aided by a growing corps of foreign-trained scientists like Sheng, China is investing aggressively in biotech research.
Last year, spending on biotech totaled $272.4 million, up from $31.5 million in 1986.

Though most research is focused on the agricultural technology that China, with its scarcity of water and arable land,
needs to feed its 1.3 billion people, Beijing is also spending millions of dollars each year to support and showcase
advanced medical research.

Sheng studied in Australia and worked for 11 years at the U.S. National Institutes of Health before returning to
Shanghai in 1999 to head a stem cell research center.

The focus of a new specialty known as "regenerative medicine," stem cells form in the first few days of embryonic
development. They later develop into the many different types of cells that make up the body's bone, muscle, organs and
other tissue.

Some scientists believe that by using skin cells or other cells from a patient to create an embryo through cloning,
they could extract stem cells that could be grown into tissue that genetically matches the patient's own. That tissue
could then be used for transplants and medical procedures in the patient without rejection.

The Chinese scientists fused human skin cells with rabbit eggs from which they had removed the nuclei, which contains
DNA. The DNA from the skin cells took over and underwent "reprogramming," no longer directing the life of a skin cell,
but rather driving embryonic development. The resulting embryos were clones of the human donors, although they were
never intended to develop into babies.

After about a week, researchers were able to obtain stem cells from the embryos, Sheng says.

"We would regard this work as preliminary but very interesting and very promising. Their work may have important
implications for the field," says Martin Pera, director of the Center for Early Human Development at Monash University
in Australia.

Stem cells can be found in some adult tissue as well as in umbilical cord blood, aborted fetuses or discarded test-tube
embryos. But the use of embryonic and fetal tissue is controversial.

Worldwide, regulations on cloning and stem cell research vary. In Britain, scientists can get licenses to create human
embryos by cloning for the purpose of extracting stem cells. Australia bans human cloning of any kind.

China bans cloning humans for reproductive purposes, but has allowed cloning for research.

Sheng says the Shanghai effort, launched in 1999, was authorized only after "heated debates." Guidelines drafted by a
national bioethics committee and the Shanghai city government required, among other things, that the embryos be allowed
to develop for no more than 14 days.

Still, results of the Shanghai experiment, circulated for months before they were published, have piqued debate.

"The approach is in some ways more controversial than conventional embryonic stem cell research since it involves
cloning and the creation of embryos specifically for research," Pera says.

Do No Harm, a U.S.-based group opposed to stem cell research, agrees, contending that the embryos created by Sheng's
research are human in identity.

"Cloning of humans for any purpose is unethical. It constitutes unethical human experimentation," says David Prentice,
a professor of life sciences at Indiana State University and a founding member of the group.

In mainland China, however, the thirst for new medical advances can be a powerful force.

Researchers in Beijing say they have regenerated and duplicated gastrointestinal cells by culturing human stem cells -
a technology they hope to use to treat gastric and intestinal ulcers. Other advances have been reported using stem
cells from human embryos to treat paralysis in a mouse and brain injuries in a human.

Sheng says her work with rabbit eggs was inspired by the lack of a supply of human eggs for stem cell research.

"We did not have any access to human oocytes (eggs), and it would be a waste to use precious human oocytes to practice
even if we had access to them," Sheng says.

While U.S. researchers reported success using cow eggs to clone human and animal cells, Chinese scientists have grown
early stage panda embryos using rabbit eggs. So the Shanghai lab tried rabbits.

Sheng believes the stem cells her research team has grown may eventually be used to study and treat diseases and to
grow tissue for transplants.

But her report in the journal Cell Research acknowledges that the work remains rudimentary, with many unanswered
questions.

It is unclear whether embryos created by fusing human skin cells with rabbit eggs can produce stem cells that will grow
indefinitely and thus remain viable for therapeutic purposes, though Sheng believes they will.

"This is an entirely new territory," Sheng says. But, she adds, "So far, I have not seen a single piece of evidence
suggesting that the (stem cells) have a limitation in their potential to grow or to differentiate."

It took Sheng more than two years to get her research results published - a delay she attributes to questions over the
viability of the stem cells produced by reprogramming.

"Our paper is dealing with an important issue," she says. "It can be expected that people will examine it very
seriously."

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On the Net:

Cell Research: http://www.cell-research.com

By ELAINE KURTENBACH AP Business Writer

SOURCE: Associated Press Online, 9/22 11:11 AM / Macro*World Investor
http://www.mworld.com/m/m.w?lp=GetStory&id=73575501

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