|
PARKINSN Archives
|
PARKINSN@LISTSERV.UTORONTO.CA
|
|
|
|
There has been some discussion as to whether herbicides or insecticides have
been implicated in Parkinson's. The following are some abstracts on the
subject. The full text versions are probably in your closest medical library.
Authors
Fleming L. Mann JB. Bean J. Briggle T. Sanchez-Ramos JR.
Institution
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School
of Medicine, FL 33136.
Title
Parkinson's disease and brain levels of organochlorine pesticides.
Source
Annals of Neurology. 36(1):100-3, 1994 Jul.
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested an etiologic relationship between
pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD). Organochlorine pesticides
were assayed in postmortem brain samples from 20 PD, 7 Alzheimer's disease
(AD), and 14 nonneurological control cases. The three groups were similar
in age at death, sex, and demographic variables. Only two of 16 pesticide
residues screened were detected. A long-lasting residue of DDT (pp-DDE)
was found in the majority of cases of PD and AD, as well as in all the
control cases; pp-DDT was significantly more likely to be found in AD
controls than the PD cases (Fisher's exact two-tailed, p = 0.04). Dieldrin
was detected in 6 of 20 PD brains, 1 of 7 AD, and in none of 14 control
samples. Despite the relatively small number of brains assayed, the
association between Dieldrin and the diagnosis of PD was highly
significant (p = 0.03). Dieldrin, a lipid-soluble, long-lasting
mitochondrial poison, should be investigated as a potential etiological
agent of Parkinsonism.
Authors
Bell IR. Schwartz GE. Amend D. Peterson JM. Kaszniak AW. Miller CS.
Institution
Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center,
Tucson 85724.
Title
Psychological characteristics and subjective intolerance for xenobiotic
agents of normal young adults with trait shyness and defensiveness. A
parkinsonian-like personality type?.
Source
Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease. 182(7):367-74, 1994 Jul.
Abstract
The present study examines the psychological characteristics and
self-reported responses to xenobiotic agents such as tobacco smoke and
pesticide of normal young adults with personality traits similar to those
claimed for Parkinsonian patients. Previous research, though
controversial, has suggested that persons with idiopathic Parkinson's
disease (PD) have premorbid personality traits that may include shyness
and repressive defensiveness. Other epidemiological evidence indicates
that PD patients may have premorbidly increased prevalence of anxiety,
affective, and/or somatoform disorders; decreased rates of smoking and
alcohol consumption; and elevated exposure to herbicides or pesticides. A
total of 783 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology
course completed the Cheek-Buss Scale (shyness), the Marlowe-Crowne Social
Desirability Scale (defensiveness), Symptom Checklist 90 (revised), the
Mastery Scale, a health history checklist, and rating scales for frequency
of illness from alcohol and 10 common environmental chemicals. Subjects
were divided into four groups on the basis of above- versus below-median
scores on the Cheek-Buss and Marlowe-Crowne scales (persons high in
shyness and defensiveness, those high only in shyness, those high only in
defensiveness, and those low in both shyness and defensiveness). The group
high in shyness but low in defensiveness had the highest, whereas the
group low in shyness but high in defensiveness had the lowest, total
scores on the SCL-90-R; the two shyest groups were lowest in sense of
mastery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Authors
Hubble JP. Cao T. Hassanein RE. Neuberger JS. Koller WC.
Institution
Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
66160-7314.
Title
Risk factors for Parkinson's disease [see comments].
Comments
Comment in: Neurology 1993 Sep;43(9):1641-3, Comment in: Neurology 1994
Aug;44(8):1557-8
Source
Neurology. 43(9):1693-7, 1993 Sep.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with rural living, well-water
consumption, and pesticide exposure; however, the individual risk
contribution of these variables has not been established. We examined
social and medical histories of predominantly rural populations to
determine relative risk factors for PD. Patients and controls were
surveyed regarding residency, occupation, medical history, and social and
dietary habits. An initial multiple logistic regression model was
confounded by excessive variable colinearity. Principal factor analysis
yielded three factors: rural living (including years of rural residency
and ground-water use), pesticide use, and male lifestyle (male gender,
head trauma, male-dominated occupations). Other variables did not load in
factor analysis and were entered separately, with the three factor scores,
in a second multiple logistic regression model. Significant predictors of
PD emerged (in order of strength): pesticide use, family history of
neurologic disease, and history of depression. The predicted probability
of PD was 92.3% (odds ratio = 12.0) with all three predictors positive.
Pesticide use (distinguishable from rural living) can be considered a risk
factor for the development of PD, with family history of neurologic
disease and history of depression serving as weaker predictors of PD.
Authors
Butterfield PG. Valanis BG. Spencer PS. Lindeman CA. Nutt JG.
Institution
Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon
Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.
Title
Environmental antecedents of young-onset Parkinson's disease.
Source
Neurology. 43(6):1150-8, 1993 Jun.
Abstract
We conducted an exploratory study of young-onset Parkinson's disease
(YOPD) to examine occupational and environmental factors associated with
disease risk. This case-control study included 63 YOPD patients (diagnosis
on or before age 50); controls (n = 68) were diagnosed with rheumatoid
arthritis. Crude odds ratios (ORs) were computed to identify exposure
variables for logistic regression analyses. After controlling for the
variables of race, educational level, sex, age, age at diagnosis, and
family history of Parkinson's disease (PD), PD was positively associated
with insecticide exposure (OR = 5.75, p < 0.001), past residency in a
fumigated house (OR = 5.25, p = 0.046), herbicide exposure (OR = 3.22, p =
0.033), rural residency at time of diagnosis (OR = 2.72, p = 0.027), and
nuts and seed eating 10 years before diagnosis (OR = 1.49, p = 0.021). PD
was inversely associated with cigarette smoking at 5 years (OR = 0.50, p =
0.027), 10 years (OR = 0.43, p = 0.012), and 15 years (OR = 0.37, p =
0.005) before diagnosis, farm residency (OR = 0.38, p = 0.018), and
exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide (OR = 0.10, p < 0.001). These findings are
consistent with hypotheses linking PD to exposure to pesticide agents.
Authors
Semchuk KM. Love EJ. Lee RG.
Institution
Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Calgary, AB, Canada.
Title
Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide
chemicals.
Source
Neurology. 42(7):1328-35, 1992 Jul.
Abstract
This population-based case-control study of 130 Calgary residents with
neurologist-confirmed idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 260 randomly
selected age- and sex-matched community controls attempted to determine
whether agricultural work or the occupational use of pesticide chemicals
is associated with an increased risk for PD. We obtained by personal
interviews lifetime occupational histories, including chemical exposure
data, and analyzed the data using conditional logistic regression for
matched sets. In the univariate analysis, a history of field crop farming,
grain farming, herbicide use, or insecticide use resulted in a
significantly increased crude estimate of the PD risk, and the data
suggested a dose-response relation between the PD risk and the cumulative
lifetime exposure to field crop farming and to grain farming. However, in
the multivariate analysis, which controlled for potential confounding or
interaction between the exposure variables, previous occupational
herbicide use was consistently the only significant predictor of PD risk.
These results support the hypothesis that the occupational use of
herbicides is associated with an increased risk for PD.
Authors
Wechsler LS. Checkoway H. Franklin GM. Costa LG.
Institution
Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle
98195.
Title
A pilot study of occupational and environmental risk factors for
Parkinson's disease.
Source
Neurotoxicology. 12(3):387-92, 1991 Fall.
Abstract
Increasingly, the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to
exposures to environmental toxicants. This epidemiologic pilot study used
a self-administered questionnaire among 34 PD cases and 22 other neurology
clinic control patients. All subjects were at least 40 years old. Risk
factors investigated included occupation, well-water use, pesticide use,
metal exposures, medical history, smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug
use. Twenty-six percent of the male PD cases reported having been employed
in farming versus eleven percent for male controls (OR = 3.1, 95% C.I. =
0.3 to 35). Sixteen percent of male cases versus none of the controls
reported employment as welders. No clear trends involving exposure to
either occupational or home pesticides emerged. In assessing occupational
exposures to metals, aluminum and copper exposures tended to be more
common among male cases than male controls. Additionally, as reported in
other studies, smoking showed an inverse relationship with PD. Although
the findings reported here are provocative, these results are
statistically imprecise and must be interpreted cautiously because of the
small number of subjects included in the study.
Authors
Chapman LJ. Sauter SL. Henning RA. Levine RL. Matthews CG. Peters HA.
Institution
Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison.
Title
Finger tremor after carbon disulfide-based pesticide exposures.
Source
Archives of Neurology. 48(8):866-70, 1991 Aug.
Abstract
Index finger tremor accompanying voluntary movement was studied in 19
age-matched control subjects and in 19 grain industry employees
chronically exposed to carbon disulfide-based fumigants. Visual judgments
of tremor amplitude made by neurologists during clinical examinations
equaled the sensitivity of computerized tremor amplitude measurements.
Tremor frequency variations detectable only with computerized measurement
were present in grain workers with and without increased tremor
amplitudes. Frequency differences discriminated between normal subjects
and 74% of the grain workers. The distribution of tremor frequency power
in the grain workers was often sequestered at 5 to 7 Hz, reminiscent of
tremor in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. These findings suggest that the
measurement of subtle tremor frequency changes may provide an early
indication of chronic carbon disulfide poisoning.
Authors
Bachurin SO. Tkachenko SE. Lermontova NN.
Institution
Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, USSR Academy of Sciences,
Chernogolovka, Moscow District.
Title
Pyridine derivatives: structure-activity relationships causing
parkinsonism-like symptoms. [Review]
Source
Reviews of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology. 122:1-36, 1991.
Abstract
In recent years, sufficient evidence has surfaced to implicate
low-molecular-weight organic compounds in certain known neurological
disorders. At this time, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
(MPTP) is considered the compound capable of inducing conditions most
similar to idiopathic parkinsonism in clinical, biochemical, and
histopathological characteristics. Substances containing MPTP-like
fragments are used as herbicides, drugs and intermediates in the synthesis
of many heterocyclic compounds. The mechanistic study of toxic MPTP action
has enabled development of criteria for appraising potential
parkinsonogenic properties of similar chemical structures. Key features of
MPTP action include the following: 1. Ability to pass through the
blood-brain barrier (BBB). 2. Enzymatic biotransformation to the
neuroactive form (pyridine metabolites). 3. Transfer to neurons via a
neuromediator reuptake system. 4. Action on intracellular targets. This
review discusses data concerning the effects of metabolite structure on
the major steps in the neurotropic action mechanism of MPTP-like
compounds. Special attention is focused on the key steps defining the
selectivity of MPTP's neuronal action, i.e., the activation step caused by
monoamine oxidase (MAO) and interaction with the dopamine (DA) reuptake
system. Most structural MPTP analogs (including certain pesticide
preparations) used in our experiments and described in the literature
exhibit no degenerative MPTP-like properties. This is probably related to
the fact that each consecutive stage in the MPTP neurotoxicity mechanism
makes rather stringent demands on metabolite structure. The number of
structures which concurrently meet the requirements of all the processes
is finite. This, however, does not invalidate the hypotheses concerning
the ecotoxic nature of idiopathic parkinsonism. Possible ecotoxins may
have only a partial, presymptomatic effect which, however, promotes
age-related neurodegenerative processes and accelerates development of
parkinsonism. This concept necessitates designing special tests of the
possible neurotoxic properties of compounds found in the environment which
may be functional MPTP analogs. [References: 147]
John Cottingham [log in to unmask] OR [log in to unmask]
|
|
|
|
|
Archives |
March 2024, Week 4 January 2022, Week 4 November 2021, Week 4 February 2021, Week 2 December 2020, Week 2 October 2020, Week 4 June 2020, Week 4 May 2020, Week 2 May 2020, Week 1 April 2020, Week 5 April 2020, Week 1 March 2020, Week 5 March 2020, Week 4 March 2020, Week 2 March 2020, Week 1 February 2020, Week 4 February 2020, Week 3 February 2020, Week 1 January 2020, Week 5 January 2020, Week 2 October 2019, Week 1 September 2019, Week 5 September 2019, Week 3 July 2019, Week 1 June 2019, Week 5 June 2019, Week 4 June 2019, Week 3 June 2019, Week 1 April 2019, Week 5 April 2019, Week 4 April 2019, Week 2 March 2019, Week 5 March 2019, Week 3 March 2019, Week 2 March 2019, Week 1 February 2019, Week 4 January 2019, Week 3 January 2019, Week 2 January 2019, Week 1 December 2018, Week 5 December 2018, Week 4 December 2018, Week 2 November 2018, Week 3 November 2018, Week 2 November 2018, Week 1 October 2018, Week 4 October 2018, Week 3 October 2018, Week 1 September 2018, Week 4 September 2018, Week 3 August 2018, Week 4 August 2018, Week 3 August 2018, Week 1 July 2018, Week 4 July 2018, Week 3 July 2018, Week 2 July 2018, Week 1 June 2018, Week 5 June 2018, Week 3 June 2018, Week 1 May 2018, Week 5 May 2018, Week 4 May 2018, Week 3 May 2018, Week 2 May 2018, Week 1 April 2018, Week 4 April 2018, Week 3 April 2018, Week 2 February 2018, Week 3 January 2018, Week 5 January 2018, Week 2 January 2018, Week 1 December 2017, Week 4 December 2017, Week 3 December 2017, Week 1 November 2017, Week 5 November 2017, Week 4 November 2017, Week 3 November 2017, Week 2 November 2017, Week 1 October 2017, Week 4 October 2017, Week 2 October 2017, Week 1 September 2017, Week 5 September 2017, Week 4 September 2017, Week 3 September 2017, Week 2 September 2017, Week 1 August 2017, Week 4 August 2017, Week 2 August 2017, Week 1 July 2017, Week 5 July 2017, Week 4 July 2017, Week 3 July 2017, Week 2 July 2017, Week 1 June 2017, Week 5 June 2017, Week 4 June 2017, Week 3 June 2017, Week 2 June 2017, Week 1 May 2017, Week 5 May 2017, Week 4 May 2017, Week 3 May 2017, Week 2 May 2017, Week 1 April 2017, Week 3 April 2017, Week 2 April 2017, Week 1 March 2017, Week 4 March 2017, Week 3 March 2017, Week 2 March 2017, Week 1 February 2017, Week 3 February 2017, Week 2 February 2017, Week 1 January 2017, Week 4 January 2017, Week 2 January 2017, Week 1 December 2016, Week 5 December 2016, Week 4 December 2016, Week 2 December 2016, Week 1 November 2016, Week 4 November 2016, Week 3 November 2016, Week 2 November 2016, Week 1 October 2016, Week 4 October 2016, Week 3 October 2016, Week 1 September 2016, Week 3 September 2016, Week 2 September 2016, Week 1 August 2016, Week 4 July 2016, Week 5 July 2016, Week 4 July 2016, Week 3 July 2016, Week 2 July 2016, Week 1 June 2016, Week 5 June 2016, Week 3 June 2016, Week 2 June 2016, Week 1 May 2016, Week 5 May 2016, Week 4 May 2016, Week 3 May 2016, Week 2 May 2016, Week 1 April 2016, Week 5 April 2016, Week 4 April 2016, Week 3 April 2016, Week 2 April 2016, Week 1 March 2016, Week 5 March 2016, Week 4 March 2016, Week 3 March 2016, Week 2 March 2016, Week 1 February 2016, Week 5 February 2016, Week 4 February 2016, Week 3 February 2016, Week 2 February 2016, Week 1 January 2016, Week 5 January 2016, Week 4 January 2016, Week 3 January 2016, Week 2 January 2016, Week 1 December 2015, Week 5 December 2015, Week 4 December 2015, Week 3 December 2015, Week 2 December 2015, Week 1 November 2015, Week 5 November 2015, Week 3 November 2015, Week 2 November 2015, Week 1 October 2015, Week 5 October 2015, Week 4 October 2015, Week 3 October 2015, Week 2 October 2015, Week 1 September 2015, Week 5 September 2015, Week 4 September 2015, Week 3 September 2015, Week 2 September 2015, Week 1 August 2015, Week 5 August 2015, Week 4 August 2015, Week 3 August 2015, Week 2 August 2015, Week 1 July 2015, Week 5 July 2015, Week 4 July 2015, Week 3 July 2015, Week 2 July 2015, Week 1 June 2015, Week 5 June 2015, Week 4 June 2015, Week 3 June 2015, Week 2 June 2015, Week 1 May 2015, Week 5 May 2015, Week 4 May 2015, Week 3 May 2015, Week 2 May 2015, Week 1 April 2015, Week 4 April 2015, Week 3 April 2015, Week 2 April 2015, Week 1 March 2015, Week 5 March 2015, Week 4 March 2015, Week 3 March 2015, Week 2 March 2015, Week 1 February 2015, Week 4 February 2015, Week 3 February 2015, Week 2 February 2015, Week 1 January 2015, Week 5 January 2015, Week 4 January 2015, Week 3 January 2015, Week 2 December 2014, Week 5 December 2014, Week 4 December 2014, Week 3 December 2014, Week 2 December 2014, Week 1 November 2014, Week 5 November 2014, Week 4 November 2014, Week 3 November 2014, Week 2 November 2014, Week 1 October 2014, Week 5 October 2014, Week 4 October 2014, Week 3 October 2014, Week 2 October 2014, Week 1 September 2014, Week 5 September 2014, Week 4 September 2014, Week 3 September 2014, Week 2 September 2014, Week 1 August 2014, Week 5 August 2014, Week 4 August 2014, Week 3 August 2014, Week 2 August 2014, Week 1 July 2014, Week 5 July 2014, Week 4 July 2014, Week 3 July 2014, Week 2 July 2014, Week 1 June 2014, Week 5 June 2014, Week 4 June 2014, Week 3 June 2014, Week 2 June 2014, Week 1 May 2014, Week 4 May 2014, Week 3 May 2014, Week 2 May 2014, Week 1 April 2014, Week 5 April 2014, Week 4 April 2014, Week 3 April 2014, Week 2 April 2014, Week 1 March 2014, Week 5 March 2014, Week 4 March 2014, Week 3 March 2014, Week 2 March 2014, Week 1 February 2014, Week 4 February 2014, Week 3 February 2014, Week 2 February 2014, Week 1 January 2014, Week 5 January 2014, Week 4 January 2014, Week 3 January 2014, Week 2 January 2014, Week 1 December 2013, Week 5 December 2013, Week 4 December 2013, Week 3 December 2013, Week 2 December 2013, Week 1 November 2013, Week 4 November 2013, Week 3 November 2013, Week 2 November 2013, Week 1 October 2013, Week 5 October 2013, Week 4 October 2013, Week 3 October 2013, Week 2 October 2013, Week 1 September 2013, Week 5 September 2013, Week 4 September 2013, Week 3 September 2013, Week 2 September 2013, Week 1 August 2013, Week 5 August 2013, Week 4 August 2013, Week 3 August 2013, Week 2 August 2013, Week 1 July 2013, Week 5 July 2013, Week 4 July 2013, Week 3 July 2013, Week 2 July 2013, Week 1 June 2013, Week 5 June 2013, Week 4 June 2013, Week 3 June 2013, Week 2 June 2013, Week 1 May 2013, Week 5 May 2013, Week 4 May 2013, Week 3 May 2013, Week 2 May 2013, Week 1 April 2013, Week 5 April 2013, Week 4 April 2013, Week 3 April 2013, Week 2 April 2013, Week 1 March 2013, Week 5 March 2013, Week 4 March 2013, Week 3 March 2013, Week 2 March 2013, Week 1 February 2013, Week 4 February 2013, Week 3 February 2013, Week 2 February 2013, Week 1 January 2013, Week 5 January 2013, Week 3 January 2013, Week 2 January 2013, Week 1 December 2012, Week 5 December 2012, Week 4 December 2012, Week 3 December 2012, Week 2 December 2012, Week 1 November 2012, Week 5 November 2012, Week 3 November 2012, Week 2 November 2012, Week 1 October 2012, Week 5 October 2012, Week 4 October 2012, Week 3 October 2012, Week 2 October 2012, Week 1 September 2012, Week 5 September 2012, Week 4 September 2012, Week 3 September 2012, Week 2 September 2012, Week 1 August 2012, Week 5 August 2012, Week 4 August 2012, Week 3 August 2012, Week 2 August 2012, Week 1 July 2012, Week 5 July 2012, Week 4 July 2012, Week 3 July 2012, Week 2 July 2012, Week 1 June 2012, Week 5 June 2012, Week 4 June 2012, Week 3 June 2012, Week 2 June 2012, Week 1 May 2012, Week 5 May 2012, Week 4 May 2012, Week 3 May 2012, Week 2 May 2012, Week 1 April 2012, Week 5 April 2012, Week 4 April 2012, Week 3 April 2012, Week 2 April 2012, Week 1 March 2012, Week 5 March 2012, Week 4 March 2012, Week 3 March 2012, Week 2 March 2012, Week 1 February 2012, Week 5 February 2012, Week 4 February 2012, Week 3 February 2012, Week 2 February 2012, Week 1 January 2012, Week 5 January 2012, Week 4 January 2012, Week 3 January 2012, Week 2 January 2012, Week 1 December 2011, Week 5 December 2011, Week 4 December 2011, Week 3 December 2011, Week 2 December 2011, Week 1 November 2011, Week 5 November 2011, Week 4 November 2011, Week 3 November 2011, Week 2 November 2011, Week 1 October 2011, Week 5 October 2011, Week 4 October 2011, Week 3 October 2011, Week 2 October 2011, Week 1 September 2011, Week 5 September 2011, Week 4 September 2011, Week 3 September 2011, Week 2 September 2011, Week 1 August 2011, Week 5 August 2011, Week 4 August 2011, Week 3 August 2011, Week 2 August 2011, Week 1 July 2011, Week 5 July 2011, Week 4 July 2011, Week 3 July 2011, Week 2 July 2011, Week 1 June 2011, Week 5 June 2011, Week 4 June 2011, Week 3 June 2011, Week 2 June 2011, Week 1 May 2011, Week 5 May 2011, Week 4 May 2011, Week 3 May 2011, Week 2 May 2011, Week 1 April 2011, Week 5 April 2011, Week 4 April 2011, Week 3 April 2011, Week 2 April 2011, Week 1 March 2011, Week 5 March 2011, Week 4 March 2011, Week 3 March 2011, Week 2 March 2011, Week 1 February 2011, Week 4 February 2011, Week 3 February 2011, Week 2 February 2011, Week 1 January 2011, Week 5 January 2011, Week 4 January 2011, Week 3 January 2011, Week 2 January 2011, Week 1 December 2010, Week 5 December 2010, Week 4 December 2010, Week 3 December 2010, Week 2 December 2010, Week 1 November 2010, Week 5 November 2010, Week 4 November 2010, Week 3 November 2010, Week 2 November 2010, Week 1 October 2010, Week 5 October 2010, Week 4 October 2010, Week 3 October 2010, Week 2 October 2010, Week 1 September 2010, Week 5 September 2010, Week 4 September 2010, Week 3 September 2010, Week 2 September 2010, Week 1 August 2010, Week 5 August 2010, Week 4 August 2010, Week 3 August 2010, Week 2 August 2010, Week 1 July 2010, Week 5 July 2010, Week 4 July 2010, Week 3 July 2010, Week 2 July 2010, Week 1 June 2010, Week 5 June 2010, Week 4 June 2010, Week 3 June 2010, Week 2 June 2010, Week 1 May 2010, Week 5 May 2010, Week 4 May 2010, Week 3 May 2010, Week 2 May 2010, Week 1 April 2010, Week 5 April 2010, Week 4 April 2010, Week 3 April 2010, Week 2 April 2010, Week 1 March 2010, Week 5 March 2010, Week 4 March 2010, Week 3 March 2010, Week 2 March 2010, Week 1 February 2010, Week 4 February 2010, Week 3 February 2010, Week 2 February 2010, Week 1 January 2010, Week 5 January 2010, Week 4 January 2010, Week 3 January 2010, Week 2 January 2010, Week 1 December 2009, Week 5 December 2009, Week 4 December 2009, Week 3 December 2009, Week 2 December 2009, Week 1 November 2009, Week 5 November 2009, Week 4 November 2009, Week 3 November 2009, Week 2 November 2009, Week 1 October 2009, Week 5 October 2009, Week 4 October 2009, Week 3 October 2009, Week 2 October 2009, Week 1 September 2009, Week 5 September 2009, Week 4 September 2009, Week 3 September 2009, Week 2 September 2009, Week 1 August 2009, Week 5 August 2009, Week 4 August 2009, Week 3 August 2009, Week 2 August 2009, Week 1 July 2009, Week 5 July 2009, Week 4 July 2009, Week 3 July 2009, Week 2 July 2009, Week 1 June 2009, Week 5 June 2009, Week 4 June 2009, Week 3 June 2009, Week 2 June 2009, Week 1 May 2009, Week 5 May 2009, Week 4 May 2009, Week 3 May 2009, Week 2 May 2009, Week 1 April 2009, Week 5 April 2009, Week 4 April 2009, Week 3 April 2009, Week 2 April 2009, Week 1 March 2009, Week 5 March 2009, Week 4 March 2009, Week 3 March 2009, Week 2 March 2009, Week 1 February 2009, Week 4 February 2009, Week 3 February 2009, Week 2 February 2009, Week 1 January 2009, Week 5 January 2009, Week 4 January 2009, Week 3 January 2009, Week 2 January 2009, Week 1 December 2008, Week 5 December 2008, Week 4 December 2008, Week 3 December 2008, Week 2 December 2008, Week 1 November 2008, Week 5 November 2008, Week 4 November 2008, Week 3 November 2008, Week 2 November 2008, Week 1 October 2008, Week 5 October 2008, Week 4 October 2008, Week 3 October 2008, Week 2 October 2008, Week 1 September 2008, Week 5 September 2008, Week 4 September 2008, Week 3 September 2008, Week 2 September 2008, Week 1 August 2008, Week 5 August 2008, Week 4 August 2008, Week 3 August 2008, Week 2 August 2008, Week 1 July 2008, Week 5 July 2008, Week 4 July 2008, Week 3 July 2008, Week 2 July 2008, Week 1 June 2008, Week 5 June 2008, Week 4 June 2008, Week 3 June 2008, Week 2 June 2008, Week 1 May 2008, Week 5 May 2008, Week 4 May 2008, Week 3 May 2008, Week 2 May 2008, Week 1 April 2008, Week 5 April 2008, Week 4 April 2008, Week 3 April 2008, Week 2 April 2008, Week 1 March 2008, Week 5 March 2008, Week 4 March 2008, Week 3 March 2008, Week 2 March 2008, Week 1 February 2008, Week 5 February 2008, Week 4 February 2008, Week 3 February 2008, Week 2 February 2008, Week 1 January 2008, Week 5 January 2008, Week 4 January 2008, Week 3 January 2008, Week 2 January 2008, Week 1 December 2007, Week 5 December 2007, Week 4 December 2007, Week 3 December 2007, Week 2 December 2007, Week 1 November 2007, Week 5 November 2007, Week 4 November 2007, Week 3 November 2007, Week 2 November 2007, Week 1 October 2007, Week 5 October 2007, Week 4 October 2007, Week 3 October 2007, Week 2 October 2007, Week 1 September 2007, Week 5 September 2007, Week 4 September 2007, Week 3 September 2007, Week 2 September 2007, Week 1 August 2007, Week 5 August 2007, Week 4 August 2007, Week 3 August 2007, Week 2 August 2007, Week 1 July 2007, Week 5 July 2007, Week 4 July 2007, Week 3 July 2007, Week 2 July 2007, Week 1 June 2007, Week 5 June 2007, Week 4 June 2007, Week 3 June 2007, Week 2 June 2007, Week 1 May 2007, Week 5 May 2007, Week 4 May 2007, Week 3 May 2007, Week 2 May 2007, Week 1 April 2007, Week 5 April 2007, Week 4 April 2007, Week 3 April 2007, Week 2 April 2007, Week 1 March 2007, Week 5 March 2007, Week 4 March 2007, Week 3 March 2007, Week 2 March 2007, Week 1 February 2007, Week 4 February 2007, Week 3 February 2007, Week 2 February 2007, Week 1 January 2007, Week 5 January 2007, Week 4 January 2007, Week 3 January 2007, Week 2 January 2007, Week 1 December 2006, Week 5 December 2006, Week 4 December 2006, Week 3 December 2006, Week 2 December 2006, Week 1 November 2006, Week 5 November 2006, Week 4 November 2006, Week 3 November 2006, Week 2 November 2006, Week 1 October 2006, Week 5 October 2006, Week 4 October 2006, Week 3 October 2006, Week 2 October 2006, Week 1 September 2006, Week 5 September 2006, Week 4 September 2006, Week 3 September 2006, Week 2 September 2006, Week 1 August 2006, Week 5 August 2006, Week 4 August 2006, Week 3 August 2006, Week 2 August 2006, Week 1 July 2006, Week 5 July 2006, Week 4 July 2006, Week 3 July 2006, Week 2 July 2006, Week 1 June 2006, Week 5 June 2006, Week 4 June 2006, Week 3 June 2006, Week 2 June 2006, Week 1 May 2006, Week 5 May 2006, Week 4 May 2006, Week 3 May 2006, Week 2 May 2006, Week 1 April 2006, Week 5 April 2006, Week 4 April 2006, Week 3 April 2006, Week 2 April 2006, Week 1 March 2006, Week 5 March 2006, Week 4 March 2006, Week 3 March 2006, Week 2 March 2006, Week 1 February 2006, Week 4 February 2006, Week 3 February 2006, Week 2 February 2006, Week 1 January 2006, Week 5 January 2006, Week 4 January 2006, Week 3 January 2006, Week 2 January 2006, Week 1 December 2005, Week 5 December 2005, Week 4 December 2005, Week 3 December 2005, Week 2 December 2005, Week 1 November 2005, Week 5 November 2005, Week 4 November 2005, Week 3 November 2005, Week 2 November 2005, Week 1 October 2005, Week 5 October 2005, Week 4 October 2005, Week 3 October 2005, Week 2 October 2005, Week 1 September 2005, Week 5 September 2005, Week 4 September 2005, Week 3 September 2005, Week 2 September 2005, Week 1 August 2005, Week 5 August 2005, Week 4 August 2005, Week 3 August 2005, Week 2 August 2005, Week 1 July 2005, Week 5 July 2005, Week 4 July 2005, Week 3 July 2005, Week 2 July 2005, Week 1 June 2005, Week 5 June 2005, Week 4 June 2005, Week 3 June 2005, Week 2 June 2005, Week 1 May 2005, Week 5 May 2005, Week 4 May 2005, Week 3 May 2005, Week 2 May 2005, Week 1 April 2005, Week 5 April 2005, Week 4 April 2005, Week 3 April 2005, Week 2 April 2005, Week 1 March 2005, Week 5 March 2005, Week 4 March 2005, Week 3 March 2005, Week 2 March 2005, Week 1 February 2005, Week 4 February 2005, Week 3 February 2005, Week 2 February 2005, Week 1 January 2005, Week 5 January 2005, Week 4 January 2005, Week 3 January 2005, Week 2 January 2005, Week 1 December 2004, Week 5 December 2004, Week 4 December 2004, Week 3 December 2004, Week 2 December 2004, Week 1 November 2004, Week 5 November 2004, Week 4 November 2004, Week 3 November 2004, Week 2 November 2004, Week 1 October 2004, Week 5 October 2004, Week 4 October 2004, Week 3 October 2004, Week 2 October 2004, Week 1 September 2004, Week 5 September 2004, Week 4 September 2004, Week 3 September 2004, Week 2 September 2004, Week 1 August 2004, Week 5 August 2004, Week 4 August 2004, Week 3 August 2004, Week 2 August 2004, Week 1 July 2004, Week 5 July 2004, Week 4 July 2004, Week 3 July 2004, Week 2 July 2004, Week 1 June 2004, Week 5 June 2004, Week 4 June 2004, Week 3 June 2004, Week 2 June 2004, Week 1 May 2004, Week 5 May 2004, Week 4 May 2004, Week 3 May 2004, Week 2 May 2004, Week 1 April 2004, Week 5 April 2004, Week 4 April 2004, Week 3 April 2004, Week 2 April 2004, Week 1 March 2004, Week 5 March 2004, Week 4 March 2004, Week 3 March 2004, Week 2 March 2004, Week 1 February 2004, Week 5 February 2004, Week 4 February 2004, Week 3 February 2004, Week 2 February 2004, Week 1 January 2004, Week 5 January 2004, Week 4 January 2004, Week 3 January 2004, Week 2 January 2004, Week 1 December 2003, Week 5 December 2003, Week 4 December 2003, Week 3 December 2003, Week 2 December 2003, Week 1 November 2003, Week 5 November 2003, Week 4 November 2003, Week 3 November 2003, Week 2 November 2003, Week 1 October 2003, Week 5 October 2003, Week 4 October 2003, Week 3 October 2003, Week 2 October 2003, Week 1 September 2003, Week 5 September 2003, Week 4 September 2003, Week 3 September 2003, Week 2 September 2003, Week 1 August 2003, Week 5 August 2003, Week 4 August 2003, Week 3 August 2003, Week 2 August 2003, Week 1 July 2003, Week 5 July 2003, Week 4 July 2003, Week 3 July 2003, Week 2 July 2003, Week 1 June 2003, Week 5 June 2003, Week 4 June 2003, Week 3 June 2003, Week 2 June 2003, Week 1 May 2003, Week 5 May 2003, Week 4 May 2003, Week 3 May 2003, Week 2 May 2003, Week 1 April 2003, Week 5 April 2003, Week 4 April 2003, Week 3 April 2003, Week 2 April 2003, Week 1 March 2003, Week 5 March 2003, Week 4 March 2003, Week 3 March 2003, Week 2 March 2003, Week 1 February 2003, Week 4 February 2003, Week 3 February 2003, Week 2 February 2003, Week 1 January 2003, Week 5 January 2003, Week 4 January 2003, Week 3 January 2003, Week 2 January 2003, Week 1 December 2002, Week 5 December 2002, Week 4 December 2002, Week 3 December 2002, Week 2 December 2002, Week 1 November 2002, Week 5 November 2002, Week 4 November 2002, Week 3 November 2002, Week 2 November 2002, Week 1 October 2002, Week 5 October 2002, Week 4 October 2002, Week 3 October 2002, Week 2 October 2002, Week 1 September 2002, Week 5 September 2002, Week 4 September 2002, Week 3 September 2002, Week 2 September 2002, Week 1 August 2002, Week 5 August 2002, Week 4 August 2002, Week 3 August 2002, Week 2 August 2002, Week 1 July 2002, Week 5 July 2002, Week 4 July 2002, Week 3 July 2002, Week 2 July 2002, Week 1 June 2002, Week 5 June 2002, Week 4 June 2002, Week 3 June 2002, Week 2 June 2002, Week 1 May 2002, Week 5 May 2002, Week 4 May 2002, Week 3 May 2002, Week 2 May 2002, Week 1 April 2002, Week 5 April 2002, Week 4 April 2002, Week 3 April 2002, Week 2 April 2002, Week 1 March 2002, Week 5 March 2002, Week 4 March 2002, Week 3 March 2002, Week 2 March 2002, Week 1 February 2002, Week 4 February 2002, Week 3 February 2002, Week 2 February 2002, Week 1 January 2002, Week 5 January 2002, Week 4 January 2002, Week 3 January 2002, Week 2 January 2002, Week 1 December 2001, Week 5 December 2001, Week 4 December 2001, Week 3 December 2001, Week 2 December 2001, Week 1 November 2001, Week 5 November 2001, Week 4 November 2001, Week 3 November 2001, Week 2 November 2001, Week 1 October 2001, Week 5 October 2001, Week 4 October 2001, Week 3 October 2001, Week 2 October 2001, Week 1 September 2001, Week 5 September 2001, Week 4 September 2001, Week 3 September 2001, Week 2 September 2001, Week 1 August 2001, Week 5 August 2001, Week 4 August 2001, Week 3 August 2001, Week 2 August 2001, Week 1 July 2001, Week 5 July 2001, Week 4 July 2001, Week 3 July 2001, Week 2 July 2001, Week 1 June 2001, Week 5 June 2001, Week 4 June 2001, Week 3 June 2001, Week 2 June 2001, Week 1 May 2001, Week 5 May 2001, Week 4 May 2001, Week 3 May 2001, Week 2 May 2001, Week 1 April 2001, Week 5 April 2001, Week 4 April 2001, Week 3 April 2001, Week 2 April 2001, Week 1 March 2001, Week 5 March 2001, Week 4 March 2001, Week 3 March 2001, Week 2 March 2001, Week 1 February 2001, Week 4 February 2001, Week 3 February 2001, Week 2 February 2001, Week 1 January 2001, Week 5 January 2001, Week 4 January 2001, Week 3 January 2001, Week 2 January 2001, Week 1 December 2000, Week 5 December 2000, Week 4 December 2000, Week 3 December 2000, Week 2 December 2000, Week 1 November 2000, Week 5 November 2000, Week 4 November 2000, Week 3 November 2000, Week 2 November 2000, Week 1 October 2000, Week 5 October 2000, Week 4 October 2000, Week 3 October 2000, Week 2 October 2000, Week 1 September 2000, Week 5 September 2000, Week 4 September 2000, Week 3 September 2000, Week 2 September 2000, Week 1 August 2000, Week 5 August 2000, Week 4 August 2000, Week 3 August 2000, Week 2 August 2000, Week 1 July 2000, Week 5 July 2000, Week 4 July 2000, Week 3 July 2000, Week 2 July 2000, Week 1 June 2000, Week 5 June 2000, Week 4 June 2000, Week 3 June 2000, Week 2 June 2000, Week 1 May 2000, Week 5 May 2000, Week 4 May 2000, Week 3 May 2000, Week 2 May 2000, Week 1 April 2000, Week 5 April 2000, Week 4 April 2000, Week 3 April 2000, Week 2 April 2000, Week 1 March 2000, Week 5 March 2000, Week 4 March 2000, Week 3 March 2000, Week 2 March 2000, Week 1 February 2000, Week 5 February 2000, Week 4 February 2000, Week 3 February 2000, Week 2 February 2000, Week 1 January 2000, Week 5 January 2000, Week 4 January 2000, Week 3 January 2000, Week 2 January 2000, Week 1 December 1999, Week 5 December 1999, Week 4 December 1999, Week 3 December 1999, Week 2 December 1999, Week 1 November 1999, Week 5 November 1999, Week 4 November 1999, Week 3 November 1999, Week 2 November 1999, Week 1 October 1999, Week 5 October 1999, Week 4 October 1999, Week 3 October 1999, Week 2 October 1999, Week 1 September 1999, Week 5 September 1999, Week 4 September 1999, Week 3 September 1999, Week 2 September 1999, Week 1 August 1999, Week 5 August 1999, Week 4 August 1999, Week 3 August 1999, Week 2 August 1999, Week 1 July 1999, Week 5 July 1999, Week 4 July 1999, Week 3 July 1999, Week 2 July 1999, Week 1 June 1999, Week 5 June 1999, Week 4 June 1999, Week 3 June 1999, Week 2 June 1999, Week 1 May 1999, Week 5 May 1999, Week 4 May 1999, Week 3 May 1999, Week 2 May 1999, Week 1 April 1999, Week 5 April 1999, Week 4 April 1999, Week 3 April 1999, Week 2 April 1999, Week 1 March 1999, Week 5 March 1999, Week 4 March 1999, Week 3 March 1999, Week 2 March 1999, Week 1 February 1999, Week 4 February 1999, Week 3 February 1999, Week 2 February 1999, Week 1 January 1999, Week 5 January 1999, Week 4 January 1999, Week 3 January 1999, Week 2 January 1999, Week 1 December 1998, Week 5 December 1998, Week 4 December 1998, Week 3 December 1998, Week 2 December 1998, Week 1 November 1998, Week 5 November 1998, Week 4 November 1998, Week 3 November 1998, Week 2 November 1998, Week 1 October 1998, Week 5 October 1998, Week 4 October 1998, Week 3 October 1998, Week 2 October 1998, Week 1 September 1998, Week 5 September 1998, Week 4 September 1998, Week 3 September 1998, Week 2 September 1998, Week 1 August 1998, Week 5 August 1998, Week 4 August 1998, Week 3 August 1998, Week 2 August 1998, Week 1 July 1998, Week 5 July 1998, Week 4 July 1998, Week 3 July 1998, Week 2 July 1998, Week 1 June 1998, Week 5 June 1998, Week 4 June 1998, Week 3 June 1998, Week 2 June 1998, Week 1 May 1998, Week 5 May 1998, Week 4 May 1998, Week 3 May 1998, Week 2 May 1998, Week 1 April 1998, Week 5 April 1998, Week 4 April 1998, Week 3 April 1998, Week 2 April 1998, Week 1 March 1998, Week 5 March 1998, Week 4 March 1998, Week 3 March 1998, Week 2 March 1998, Week 1 February 1998, Week 5 February 1998, Week 4 February 1998, Week 3 February 1998, Week 2 February 1998, Week 1 January 1998, Week 5 January 1998, Week 4 January 1998, Week 3 January 1998, Week 2 January 1998, Week 1 December 1997, Week 5 December 1997, Week 4 December 1997, Week 3 December 1997, Week 2 December 1997, Week 1 November 1997, Week 5 November 1997, Week 4 November 1997, Week 3 November 1997, Week 2 November 1997, Week 1 October 1997, Week 5 October 1997, Week 4 October 1997, Week 3 October 1997, Week 2 October 1997, Week 1 September 1997, Week 5 September 1997, Week 4 September 1997, Week 3 September 1997, Week 2 September 1997, Week 1 August 1997, Week 5 August 1997, Week 4 August 1997, Week 3 August 1997, Week 2 August 1997, Week 1 July 1997, Week 5 July 1997, Week 4 July 1997, Week 3 July 1997, Week 2 July 1997, Week 1 June 1997, Week 5 June 1997, Week 4 June 1997, Week 3 June 1997, Week 2 June 1997, Week 1 May 1997, Week 5 May 1997, Week 4 May 1997, Week 3 May 1997, Week 2 May 1997, Week 1 April 1997, Week 5 April 1997, Week 4 April 1997, Week 3 April 1997, Week 2 April 1997, Week 1 March 1997, Week 5 March 1997, Week 4 March 1997, Week 3 March 1997, Week 2 March 1997, Week 1 February 1997, Week 5 February 1997, Week 4 February 1997, Week 3 February 1997, Week 2 February 1997, Week 1 January 1997, Week 5 January 1997, Week 4 January 1997, Week 3 January 1997, Week 2 January 1997, Week 1 December 1996, Week 5 December 1996, Week 4 December 1996, Week 3 December 1996, Week 2 December 1996, Week 1 November 1996, Week 5 November 1996, Week 4 November 1996, Week 3 November 1996, Week 2 November 1996, Week 1 October 1996, Week 5 October 1996, Week 4 October 1996, Week 3 October 1996, Week 2 October 1996, Week 1 September 1996, Week 5 September 1996, Week 4 September 1996, Week 3 September 1996, Week 2 September 1996, Week 1 August 1996, Week 5 August 1996, Week 4 August 1996, Week 3 August 1996, Week 2 August 1996, Week 1 July 1996, Week 5 July 1996, Week 4 July 1996, Week 3 July 1996, Week 2 July 1996, Week 1 June 1996, Week 5 June 1996, Week 4 June 1996, Week 3 June 1996, Week 2 June 1996, Week 1 May 1996, Week 5 May 1996, Week 4 May 1996, Week 3 May 1996, Week 2 May 1996, Week 1 April 1996, Week 5 April 1996, Week 4 April 1996, Week 3 April 1996, Week 2 April 1996, Week 1 March 1996, Week 5 March 1996, Week 4 March 1996, Week 3 March 1996, Week 2 March 1996, Week 1 February 1996, Week 5 February 1996, Week 4 February 1996, Week 3 February 1996, Week 2 February 1996, Week 1 January 1996, Week 5 January 1996, Week 4 January 1996, Week 3 January 1996, Week 2 January 1996, Week 1 December 1995, Week 5 December 1995, Week 4 December 1995, Week 3 December 1995, Week 2 December 1995, Week 1 November 1995, Week 5 November 1995, Week 4 November 1995, Week 3 November 1995, Week 2 November 1995, Week 1 October 1995, Week 5 October 1995, Week 4 October 1995, Week 3 October 1995, Week 2 October 1995, Week 1 September 1995, Week 5 September 1995, Week 4 September 1995, Week 3 September 1995, Week 2 September 1995, Week 1 August 1995, Week 5 August 1995, Week 4 August 1995, Week 3 August 1995, Week 2 August 1995, Week 1 July 1995, Week 5 July 1995, Week 4 July 1995, Week 3 July 1995, Week 2 July 1995, Week 1 June 1995, Week 5 June 1995, Week 4 June 1995, Week 3 June 1995, Week 2 June 1995, Week 1 May 1995, Week 5 May 1995, Week 4 May 1995, Week 3 May 1995, Week 2 May 1995, Week 1 April 1995, Week 5 April 1995, Week 4 April 1995, Week 3 April 1995, Week 2 April 1995, Week 1 March 1995, Week 5 March 1995, Week 4 March 1995, Week 3 March 1995, Week 2 March 1995, Week 1 February 1995, Week 4 February 1995, Week 3 February 1995, Week 2 February 1995, Week 1 January 1995, Week 5 January 1995, Week 4 January 1995, Week 3 January 1995, Week 2 January 1995, Week 1 December 1994, Week 5 December 1994, Week 4 December 1994, Week 3 December 1994, Week 2 December 1994, Week 1 November 1994, Week 5 November 1994, Week 4 November 1994, Week 3 November 1994, Week 2 November 1994, Week 1 October 1994, Week 5 October 1994, Week 4 October 1994, Week 3 October 1994, Week 2 October 1994, Week 1 September 1994, Week 5 September 1994, Week 4 September 1994, Week 3 September 1994, Week 2 September 1994, Week 1 August 1994, Week 5 August 1994, Week 4 August 1994, Week 3 August 1994, Week 2 August 1994, Week 1 July 1994, Week 5 July 1994, Week 4 July 1994, Week 3 July 1994, Week 2 July 1994, Week 1 June 1994, Week 5 June 1994, Week 4 June 1994, Week 3 June 1994, Week 2 June 1994, Week 1 May 1994, Week 5 May 1994, Week 4 May 1994, Week 3 May 1994, Week 2 May 1994, Week 1 April 1994, Week 5 April 1994, Week 4 April 1994, Week 3 April 1994, Week 2 April 1994, Week 1 March 1994, Week 5 March 1994, Week 4 March 1994, Week 3 March 1994, Week 2 March 1994, Week 1 February 1994, Week 4 February 1994, Week 3 February 1994, Week 2 February 1994, Week 1 February 1994 January 1994 December 1993 November 1993
|
|
|
|