Socializing as important as exercise for elderly, study shows

LONDON (August 19, 1999 7:40 p.m. EDT http://www.nandotimes.com) - Elderly
folks who like to eat out, play cards and take part in other social
activities live an average 2 1/2 years longer than more reclusive people, a
new study finds.

Health experts typically recommend that the elderly stay active, but the
study by Harvard University researchers suggests that simply mixing with
other people may offer as great a benefit as regular exercise.

Experts say the study, published in this week's British Medical Journal,
goes further than previous ones because it compares different types of
activities and concludes that the benefits of social and productive pursuits
are equivalent to and independent of the merits of exercise.

"There is a positive nugget for people who can't exercise, or won't
exercise," said Richard Suzman, associate director for behavioral and social
research at the U.S. National Institute of Aging, who was not connected with
the study.

"It shows there are other alternatives that look like they might be just as
beneficial," Suzman said.

It is widely assumed that staying active is good for people because of the
physical component, said Thomas Glass, an assistant professor of health and
social behavior at Harvard's School of Public Health, who led the study.

"That social activities involving almost no physical exertion played a
measurable role at all in length of life is really quite something," he
said. "This is perhaps the strongest circumstantial evidence we've had to
date that having a meaningful purpose at the end of life lengthens life."

Glass and his colleagues followed 2,761 residents of New Haven, Conn., aged
65 and older for 13 years to see how exercise, social and productive
activity were related to their chances of dying during the study's duration.

Factors known to contribute to longer life, such as superior health or
education, did not influence the results significantly, the researchers
said.

Subjects were asked how frequently they were involved in 14 common
activities categorized as mainly social, productive or physical.

The physical activities examined were walking, fitness exercises and active
sports or swimming.

Social activities included church attendance, going to movies, restaurants
and sporting events, day trips, playing cards, games or bingo, and
participation in social groups.

Pursuits categorized as productive included gardening, preparing meals,
shopping, employment and paid or unpaid community work.

The three types of activities overlapped to some extent and many people were
in more than one category. People in each category were compared only to
those participating in their types of activities.

Among those who participated in social activities, the most active were 19
percent less likely to die during the study's duration than those least
engaged in social activities, Glass said. Those most socially active lived
about 2 1/2 years longer, he said.

When it came to physical fitness, those who exercised most frequently were
15 percent less likely to die before the study's end than their more
sedentary counterparts. They also survived about 2 2/4 years longer.

Those who were most engaged in productive pursuits were 23 percent less
likely to die than those least involved in such pursuits. The difference in
longevity between those two groups was about four years.

Because the categories were not compared with each other, however, the
findings cannot be construed to mean that being constructive is better than
exercising when it comes to extending life, Glass said.

The results remained consistent even when gardening and shopping, which
involve some physical activity, were excluded from the calculations, the
researchers noted.

And among those who exercised the least, the people who were most heavily
involved in social and productive pursuits lived longer than those who
rarely engaged in such activities.

When each activity was examined individually, doing a lot, as opposed to not
much, extended life in almost every case regardless of the activity, Glass
said.

"This is pretty impressive because of what they've done to sort out that it
wasn't physical activity or physical health that was responsible," said Dr.
Harold G. Koenig, an associate professor of psychiatry and medicine at Duke
University Medical Center who was not connected with the study.

The study could not say how much of any type of activity was best, nor
whether engaging in a variety of pursuits or focusing heavily on a single
one was better.


By EMMA ROSS
Copyright 1999 Nando Media
Copyright 1999 Associated Press
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