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Mitochondrial Respiration: Biochemical Pathways: Genetic Mutation in Parkinsons Disease - NADH Dehydrogenase (Complex I) Also shows rotenone (herbicide) http://www.expasy.ch/cgi-bin/show_image?O9&right Pub Med 516000 Complex I, Subunit ND1: MTND1 The internal electron carriers of Complex I include flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and 6 iron-sulfur clusters. The NADH-binding site and FMN have been assigned to the 51-kD polypeptide. (51-kD = NDUFV1 Gene) The iron-protein fragment contains 9 or 10 iron atoms and a 15-kD protein from this fragment appears to be the ubiquinone-binding protein involved in electron transfer to ubiquinone (Co Q10). The MTND6 protein may also be located in the iron protein fragment. MTND1 polypeptide binds rotenone and rotenone analogs. (Rotenone causes Parkinsons) Allelic variants of MTND1 (Gene) have been reported in Alzheimers Diease and Parkinsons Disease. Pub Med 3931555 Reconstitution of heme-synthesizing activity from ferric ion and porphyrins, and the effect of lead on the activity. These results indicate that the NAD(P)H-oxidizing system reduces ferric ion to ferrous ion. This ferrous ion is then utilized for heme synthesis by ferrochelatase. Pub Med 10582332 Ferrochelatase Ferrochelatase catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin. A [2Fe-2S] cluster is a prosthetic group in mammalian ferrochelatase. Pub Med 10385886 Manganese Neurotoxicity: a review of clinical features, imaging and pathology Manganese intoxication can result in a syndrome of parkinsonism and dystonia. Pub Med 10383398 Mechanism of iron transport to the site of heme synthesis inside yeast mitochondria Iron cannot be preloaded in the mitochondrial matrix but rather has to be transported across the inner membrane simultaneously with the synthesis of heme, suggesting that ferrochelatase receives iron directly from the inner membrane. Transort of iron is inhibited by manganese. Street-Drug Contaminant causing Parkinsonism - National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health MPTP - N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroPYRIDINE. Porphyrin Functionalization http://www-chem.ucdavis.edu/groups/smith/research/porph_funct/WebPF1.html The cation radicals of metalloprophyrins and metallochlorins react with various nucleophiles (pyridines). PMID 2174736 Mitochondrial toxicity of cationic photosensitizers for photochemotherapy Chalogenapyrylium (CP) dyes inhibit both complex I and complex II. CP dyes also inhibited both NADH and succinate-cytochrome c reductase activities as well as cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase. PMID 2157006 Chalcogenapytylium dyes as photochemotherapeutic agents. Cationic selena- and tellurapyrylium dyes were found to inhibit cytochrome c oxidase. Tellurium is used to vulcanize rubber (vulcanite CuTe or Copper Tellurium - Alzheimers) Bacteria in gut make N-Methyl and turn tellurites to tellurium in the gut and absorb iron in the form of lactoferrin which is elevated in PD. (FeTe -Parkinsons). PMID 6779301 Epinephrine and other activators of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase can reduce Fe3+-heme to Fe2+heme. Epinephrine, norepinephrine were found to reduce Fe3+-heme to Fe2+-heme. PMID 10410763 Evidence suggests the role of norepinephrine deficiency in late stages of Parkinsons disease. Tellurium also binds with cobalt and diethylthiocarbamate and I think may be a factor in leukemia. Tellurium is an environmental toxin that is highly mutagenic. People in Parkinsons and Leukemia and Alzheimers are looking for such a substance. Tellurium can take the place of sulphur in ferrochelates . I think it is the cause of Parkinsons Disease. Just my theory. [log in to unmask]