Good grief, jmp! What a frabjous day! Pigs AND clones...cloned pigs...pig clones...and one of the plump pink porcine pretties is even named after moi (and, I suppose, Alexis Carrel)... Carole/Carrel --- janet paterson <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > Tuesday, 14 March, 2000, 16:33 GMT > > Scientists produce five pig clones > > The scientists who created Dolly the sheep have announced > the birth of five pig clones - the first in the world. > > Edinburgh-based company PPL Therapeutics hopes such > animals will help meet the anticipated demand for pig > organs if they are approved for use in human transplants. > > The five piglets, which were born on 5 March, have been > named Millie, Christa, Alexis, Carrel and Dotcom. > > "They're wonderful, they're healthy, they're bouncing > around," said PPL's Dave Ayares, who was present at the > birth of the animals. > > The piglets were created from adult cells using "nuclear > transfer" technology similar to that which led to the > birth of Dolly. > > A company spokesman said: "This opens the door to making > modified pigs whose organs and cells can be successfully > transplanted into humans - the only near-term solution to > solving the worldwide organ shortage crisis." > > Clinical trials into the use of animal organs for human > transplant could start in about four years, the company > said. > > The development has been welcomed by other scientists > working the field of xenotransplation - the use animal > organs for human transplant. > > UK-based biotech firm Imutran, which is breeding > genetically-modified pigs for transplant, said: "This is > interesting news. It is potentially a useful technology > to develop new lines of pigs for xenotransplantation. > > "However, the next step is to see if the technology can > be applied to developing genetically-modified animals > whose organs can be transplanted into humans without > being rejected." > > This is a reasonable aim, according to Erling Refsum, of > analysts Nomura Securities: "Cloning is the most > difficult step. The rest of the barriers are more easily > dealt with. > > "Dolly was a scientific breakthrough but this is bigger. > This puts them clearly up front in doing something that > no one else can do. These pigs definitely put them in the > big league," he added. > > Some analysts believe the market could be worth $6bn for > the solid organs alone. > > Colin Blakemore, Professor of Physiology at Oxford > University, looked forward to a time when such animals > could also be used in novel cell therapies. > > "For example, cells from the pig that could be engineered > to produce human insulin - they might be used to treat > diabetes, a disease for which organ transplantation is > not feasible at the moment," he told the BBC. > > He warned, however, that scientists could not escape the > ethical debate that would inevitably follow from such > research. But Dr Ron James, PPL's managing director, said > many of the arguments had already had a good airing. > > "I don't see that there are any ethical implications > which are new in this work," he said. "If one is happy to > eat pork then I can see no real problem in using the same > animal for life-saving purposes." > > PPL said the method used to produce the five female pigs > involved new procedures developed by its US staff in > Blacksburg, Virginia. > > The piglets' DNA has been confirmed in independent tests > to be identical to the donor, but different from the > surrogate mother. > > The names for the new clones, which were born in the US, > were chosen by the scientists in Virginia. > > The first, Millie, was named after the millennium; > Christa, after Christian Barnard, the surgeon who > performed the first human heart transplant in 1967; > Alexis and Carrel after transplant pioneer and Nobel > prizewinner Alexis Carrel; and Dotcom to reflect the > growing use of the internet. > > The work was part-funded by a US Government grant awarded > to produce a "knock-out" pig - one which has a specific > gene or genes inactivated to help prevent the human > immune system rejecting an implanted pig organ. > > However, these genes can only be knocked-out in > individual cells, not in whole animals. To generate > organs with knocked-out genes, scientists must take the > altered cells and use them to create clones. > > PPL has now proven cloning is possible and says it had > already achieved the required targeted gene knock-out in > pig cells, using the same patented technology that led to > the gene-altered lambs Cupid and Diana. > > Pigs have become the central focus of attempts to produce > organs for xenotransplatation. Primates would be a closer > match but ethical concerns and the fact that they produce > only single offspring have meant this approach has not > been developed. > > The large litters of pigs and the similarity in size of > their organs have led to their being the most likely > supplier of any future transplant organs. > > > BBC News Online: Sci/Tech > http://news.bbc.co.uk/low/english/sci/tech/newsid_676000/676906.stm > > janet paterson > 53 now / 41 dx / 37 onset > a new voice: http://www.geocities.com/janet313/ > 613 256 8340 PO Box 171 Almonte Ontario Canada K0A 1A0 > __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Talk to your friends online with Yahoo! Messenger. http://im.yahoo.com