Dear friends this new is from the science in the NY Times : -- snipped -- Closer to home, a spider expert in Costa Rica has discovered a remarkable wasp whose larva is able to reprogram a spider's brain and make it spin a special web for the larva's benefit. The wasp lays its egg on the spider's abdomen and the larva, when it hatches, pierces small holes in the spider's side and drinks the juices. The night the larva is ready to pupate it kills the spider but before doing so it injects a chemical that has a very strange effect on the spider's web-weaving. Instead of its usual circular web, the spider spins a strong platform where the larva spins its own cocoon. The platform web is constructed by a modified subroutine used in bulding the normal web. Anyone who understood how the wasp larva pulled this trick would know a great deal about how a spider's brain is organized. .......(snipped) --------- Well after that, I am tempted to suggest that the neurologists do learn the trick of the wasp in reprograming brains so they could also reprogram the PWPD's brains in order to increase the production of dopamine ...... ;-) Cheers , Joao Paulo - Salvador,BA,Brazil [log in to unmask]