Canada may lose its embryo-cell researchers Funding opens up in U.S.: Ottawa must clarify policy, health agency says http://www.nationalpost.com/ Justine Hunter - National Post, with files from Agence France-Presse OTTAWA, August 25, 2000 - Canada risks losing its world-leading talent to the United States unless it clarifies the legal status of embryo research, the president of the country's chief medical research funding agency warned yesterday. When the United States government announced this week it will permit federally funded studies on cells from human embryos, it opened the door for Canada's leading stem-cell researchers, currently operating under a voluntary embargo, to follow the path to research dollars and support south of the border, said Dr. Alan Bernstein, president of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. "There are a number of outstanding Canadians in this area, whether any of them are thinking of leaving, it's probably too early to say. But scientists go where the opportunities are, and if they perceive a lack of opportunity, it is a risk [that Canada would lose them]." The use of human stem cells retrieved when embryos are in their earliest stages of development -- just microscopic clusters of cells -- holds the prospect of major gains in the medical treatment of everything from diabetes to PARKINSON'S disease. But the policy vacuum in Canada could also prompt scientists to start work without the kinds of restraints imposed on U.S. researchers, he warned. "One danger is, in the absence of any kind of guidelines, Canadian researchers may feel free to go ahead under conditions that might be unacceptable to the Canadian public. That would be very unfortunate," Dr. Bernstein said in an interview. "Conversely, Canadian researchers may be unwilling to go ahead at all, despite the great promise of this new technology for relieving human suffering. We are damned if we do and damned if we don't unless we have clear guidelines on ways to move forward." It is a subject Allan Rock, the Minister of Health, and his predecessors have been stalling on for years, a reflection of the murky ethical and scientific issues raised by this and other related human reproductive technologies. A royal commission reported to the federal government in 1993, urging the government to outlaw a variety of baby-making techniques and research practices, and also to establish a regulatory commission to monitor the practices that are deemed socially acceptable. A voluntary moratorium on certain practices was adopted in 1995, such as selling human eggs, and Bill C-47 was introduced by the federal government the following year to outlaw certain genetic technologies that would, like the new U.S. rules, make it illegal for donors to sell their sperm or eggs. Among other things, the proposed legislation would have established an agency to develop national standards for the collection, storage, distribution and use of human eggs, sperm, embryos and fetal tissue. The proposed law met with opposition from two sides: Anti-abortion organizations oppose the use of embryos for research, while the medical community protested the controls were too stiff. the government let the bill die in 1997. Mr. Rock has since made some noise about establishing a new reproductive technologies authority but has yet to act. The medical technology has been moving quickly. When Bill C-47 expired, stem cells had not yet been discovered. Stem cells are the body's early foundation blocks that develop into the different types of cells that form tissue and organs. Scientists believe they can use these foundation cells to grow new organs, restore severed nerves in spinal injuries and cure diseases. Dr. Bernstein cited the work of researchers in Alberta who are developing a promising treatment for diabetes using islet cell transplantation. He met one patient, formerly insulin-dependent, who has not taken an injection of insulin in 18 months. But the islet cells, which make insulin in the human body, are harvested from cadavers, limiting the supply. Yesterday, Vatican officials said that the use of human embryos or their therapeutic cloning is "gravely immoral and therefore gravely illicit. "The living human embryo is a human subject with a clearly defined identity, which begins its own co-ordinated, continuous and gradual development" and cannot be considered a "mere cluster of cells," the pontifical Academy for Life said in a statement. The embryo therefore has "a right to its own life." The removal of cells which "seriously and irreparably damages the human embryo is a gravely immoral and therefore gravely illicit act." Copyright © 2000 National Post Online -- Judith Richards, London, Ontario, Canada [log in to unmask] Today’s Research... Tomorrow’s Cure