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hi all yesterday i posted the medical abstract: PMID: 10904882: Importance of treatment of depression in assuring the most efficacious management of Parkinson's disease; which referred to: "ROS" and then gail vass asked me a simple question: "what is it?" so then i went digging and found [posting separately]: PMID: 10785444: GDNF and NT-4 protect dopaminergic neurons from toxic damage PMID: 10820189: Dopamine-induced cell death, oxidative stress, and cyanide PMID: 10837719: A novel chemical delivery system for brain targeting PMID: 10864903: Manganese increases L-DOPA auto-oxidation in rat: implications for PD PMID: 10931172: Glutathione, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration PMID: 10991671: Influence of neurotoxins and oxidative stress on PD it appears to me that the phrase "free radical scavenger" or [?] "FRS" has been [?] replaced by the phrase "radical oxygen species" or "ROS" in plain jain terms: anti-oxidants for brain cells are good; oxidation in brain cells is bad; FRS and/or ROS are really bad N.B. please, to the chemically inclined, correct me if i've got this wrong! aside from the terminology clarification, these PMID abstracts [variously from germany, japan, usa, italy, uk] were interesting to me due to their conclusions; "... the neurotrophic factors ... protected these neurons from ... apoptosis [cell death] ..." "... these findings underscore the[ir] importance ... in designing future therapeutical concepts for PD" "... these results suggest that [L-DOPA] neurotoxicity ... involves both ROS and ... oxidative stress as an initiator of apoptosis [cell death] ... " "... these findings suggest that ... chemical approaches will contribute to the development of new central nervous system drugs ..." " ... these results may be of relevance to the L-DOPA long-term therapy of Parkinson's disease ... " " ... glutathione is an important antioxidant ... " " ... other treatment options ... glutathione analogs, mimetics or precursors are discussed ... " " ... oxidative stress is ... involved in neurodegeneration ... unlikely to be the initiating event ... the search for this event will continue ... " imho the current scope of the international [and virtually instant] sharing of the findings, and the molecular/cellular detail in the work being done, is primarily due to the techno/cyber revolution that we are all now a part of ten years ago ... who'da thunkit? janet in my 16th year since onset and can't wait for the next 16! janet paterson 53 now / 44 dx cd / 43 onset cd / 41 dx pd / 37 onset pd TEL: 613 256 8340 URL: http://www.geocities.com/janet313/ EMAIL: [log in to unmask] SMAIL: PO Box 171 Almonte Ontario K0A 1A0 Canada