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Hi All, I searched PubMed for Parkinson's and Urinary Dysfunction... Clin Neurosci 1998;5(2):78-86 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut Urinary dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Singer C University of Miami School of Medicine, FL, USA. Urinary symptoms are very common in Parkinson's disease (PD). They are primarily irritative (frequency, urgency, urge incontinence) and correlate with the urodynamic finding of involuntary detrusor contractions at early stages of bladder filling (detrusor hyperreflexia). Obstructive symptoms (hesitancy, weak urinary stream) may be seen in a smaller number of patients by themselves or combined with irritative symptoms. They may be secondary to anticholinergics, obstructive uropathy, or point to the presence of multiple system atrophy. Dysfunction of the striated urethral sphincter and pelvic musculature can be seen in variable numbers in PD, with the main abnormality that of delayed relaxation at the time of initiation of voluntary voiding. Then I "clicked" on "related articles"... 1-20 of 248 1: Singer C. Urinary dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurosci. 1998;5(2):78-86. Review. PMID: 10785832; UI: 20247538 2: Aranda B. [Vesical sphincter disorders in Parkinson disease]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1993;149(8-9):476-80. French. PMID: 8009145; UI: 94278403 3: Dmochowski RR. Female voiding dysfunction and movement disorders. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 1999;10(2):144-51. Review. PMID: 10384979; UI: 99311705 4: Bonnet AM, Pichon J, Vidailhet M, Gouider-Khouja N, Robain G, Perrigot M, Agid Y. Urinary disturbances in striatonigral degeneration and Parkinson's disease: clinical and urodynamic aspects. Mov Disord. 1997 Jul;12(4):509-13. PMID: 9251068; UI: 97394755 5: Hattori T, Yasuda K, Kita K, Hirayama K. Voiding dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol. 1992 Mar;46(1):181-6. PMID: 1635308; UI: 92341649 6: Aranda B, Perrigot M, Mazieres L, Pierrot-Deseilligny E. [Bladder sphincter disorders in Parkinson's disease]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1983;139(4):283-8. French. PMID: 6612141; UI: 83301595 7: Desi M, Pelhuche A, Benoit G. [Vesico-sphincteric disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease]. Prog Urol. 1992 Oct;2(5):925-32. Review. French. PMID: 1302123; UI: 93251209 8: Pavlakis AJ, Siroky MB, Goldstein I, Krane RJ. Neurourologic findings in Parkinson's disease. J Urol. 1983 Jan;129(1):80-3. PMID: 6827689; UI: 83139069 9: Elder DD, Stephenson TP, Bary PR. An assessment of the Frewen regime in the treatment of detrusor dysfunction in females. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1981;78:321-8. PMID: 7335747; UI: 82151324 10: Conquy S, Zerbib M, Martinache PR, Thiounn N, Flam T, Debre B. [Contribution of urodynamic examinations in the exploration of micturition disorders in patients with Parkinson disease]. J Urol (Paris). 1994;100(3):139-42. French. PMID: 7836791; UI: 95138559 11: Berger Y, Blaivas JG, DeLaRocha ER, Salinas JM. Urodynamic findings in Parkinson's disease. J Urol. 1987 Oct;138(4):836-8. PMID: 3656541; UI: 88011475 12: Stanton SL. Is it iatrogenic? 'I've always had a weak bladder'. Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1981 Apr;8(1):173-90. No abstract available. PMID: 7261520; UI: 81259489 13: Fisher AM, Gordon H. The gynaecologist's approach to the patient with urological symptoms. Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1981 Apr;8(1):191-8. No abstract available. PMID: 7261521; UI: 81259490 14: Blaivas JG. The bladder is an unreliable witness. Neurourol Urodyn. 1996;15(5):443-5. No abstract available. PMID: 8857612; UI: 97010574 15: Araki I, Kitahara M, Oida T, Kuno S. VOIDING DYSFUNCTION AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE: URODYNAMIC ABNORMALITIES AND URINARY SYMPTOMS. J Urol. 2000 Nov;164(5):1640-3. [MEDLINE record in process] PMID: 11025724; UI: 20481562 16: Katz GP, Blaivas JG. A diagnostic dilemma: when urodynamic findings differ from the clinical impression. J Urol. 1983 Jun;129(6):1170-4. PMID: 6854793; UI: 83216413 17: Park JM. This month in investigative urology. Myogenic versus neurogenic mechanism of detrusor instability. J Urol. 2000 Feb;163(2):397. No abstract available. PMID: 10647641; UI: 20112167 18: Abrams P. Lower urinary tract symptoms in women: who to investigate and how. Br J Urol. 1997 Jul;80 Suppl 1:43-8. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 9240224; UI: 97384556 19: Christmas TJ, Kempster PA, Chapple CR, Frankel JP, Lees AJ, Stern GM, Milroy EJ. Role of subcutaneous apomorphine in parkinsonian voiding dysfunction. Lancet. 1988 Dec 24-31;2(8626-8627):1451-3. PMID: 2904571; UI: 89070022 20: [No authors listed] Parkinson's disease. Harv Ment Health Lett. 2000 Jul;17(1):1-4. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 10877867; UI: 20337003 Some old some new.... but the point is that there are established "relationships" between Parkinson's & Urinary Dysfunction and they are documented in peer reviewed medical papers.... If you need any assistance to search PubMed or to get more info... just ask... there are a few "pros" on this List who know all the ins and outs of PubMed.... Regards ....... murray (gotta go) [log in to unmask]