Recently someone asked about the influence of estrogen on PD.
Discussion on the list indicates hormonal swings
are not always PD symptomatically friendly.
Ray
.......................................................
FASEB J 2000 Jun;14(9):1202-1214
Mechanisms of antiapoptotic effects of estrogens in nigral dopaminergic neurons.
Sawada H, Ibi M, Kihara T, Urushitani M, Honda K, Nakanishi M, Akaike A,
Shimohama S
Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyoku,
Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
[Record supplied by publisher]
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the mesencephalic dopaminergic neuronal
loss, possibly by apoptosis, and the prevalence is higher in males than in
females. The estrogen receptor (ER) subtype in the mesencephalon is exclusively
ER beta, a recently cloned novel subtype. Bound with estradiol, it enhances gene
transcription through the estrogen response element (ERE) or inhibits it through
the activator protein-1 (AP-1) site. We demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol
provided protection against nigral neuronal apoptosis caused by exposure to
either bleomycin sulfate (BLM) or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). BLM and
BSO-induced nigral apoptosis was blocked by inhibitors for caspase-3 or
c-Jun/AP-1. The antiapoptotic effect by estradiol was blocked by ICI
182,780, an
antagonist for ER, but not by a synthesized peptide that inhibits binding
of the
ER to the ERE. Estradiol had no effects on caspase-3 activation and c-Jun
NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), which were activated by BLM. It also suppressed
apoptosis by serum deprivation, which was independent of caspase-3 activation.
Therefore, the antiapoptotic neuroprotection by estradiol is mediated by
transcription through AP-1 site downstream from JNK and caspase-3 activation.
Furthermore, 17alpha-estradiol, a stereoisomer without female hormone activity,
also provided an antiapoptotic effect. Therefore, the antiapoptotic effect is
independent of female hormone activity.-Sawada, H., Ibi, M., Kihara, T.,
Urushitani, M., Honda, K., Nakanishi, M., Akaike, A., Shimohama, S. Mechanisms
of antiapoptotic effects of estrogens in nigral dopaminergic neurons.
PMID: 10834942
.......................................................
Ray Strand
Prairie Sky Design
-----------------( on the Edge of the Prairie Abyss )---------------
when the sky is clear
the ground is visible
49/dx PD 2 yrs/40? onset
----------------------------------------------------------------------
To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask]
In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn
