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hi all holy cow olfactors seem to be implicated here and yikes inability to recognise emotions maybe my response to "untitled" could be viewed as more than just stream-of-consciousness ruminusing and what's so wrong with consciousness anywho? isn't that what we do? i think therefore i am or i am just a clam? gloria steinem once said something like the most important benefit being offered to us by the explosion in technology was the mapping of the living brain hear! hear! janet ------------- Anger-control disorder linked to brain dysfunction NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Scientists have tied dysfunction in a particular brain region to a psychiatric disorder marked by uncontrolled aggression. They say their findings extend the link that has been found between the brain area - called the orbital/medial prefrontal cortex circuit, or OMPCC - -nd impulsive aggression. In this case, the researchers studied 24 patients diagnosed with intermittent explosive disorder (IED). Considered an impulse-control disorder, IED is marked by outbursts of anger that far outweigh the provocation and that lead to aggressive or destructive acts. "The difference between this disorder and having a 'temper' is the chronic nature of the behavior and the functional impairment it causes in a person's life," explained the study's lead author, Mary Best, of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania. Best told Reuters Health that her team sought to find out whether people with IED "express subtle dysfunction" that can be traced to a specific brain region. Using a series of tests that gauge functioning in the OMPCC, they were able to spot a pattern of behavior in the IED patients similar to that found in people with injuries to the brain region. For one, IED patients showed marked differences from other study participants in tests of "emotion recognition" - being, for example, more likely to perceive "neutral" facial expressions as "disgusted." The findings were published online Wednesday in the Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences Early Edition. In other tests, Best's team found that IED patients, unlike the other study participants, failed to stop making "disadvantageous" choices over time in a standard gambling task. According to the researchers, this is similar to patients' everyday situations in which they react to problems with aggression, despite the possible consequences. "In that sense," they write, "patients show an inability to learn from social cues." When asked to gauge emotions in photos of people's faces, IED patients showed problems in recognizing "anger," "disgust" and "surprise." And compared with other test subjects, they tended to label neutral expressions as "disgusted" and disgusted expressions as "angry," according to Best's team. Finally, in a test of sensory perceptions related to OMPCC function, IED patients had more difficulty identifying various odors in "scratch-and-sniff" samples. All of this suggests that dysfunction in the OMPCC is involved in this impulse-control disorder, the researchers point out. Best noted that individuals with other psychiatric disorders that involve impulsive behavior - such as antisocial personality disorder and obsessive/compulsive disorder - show deficits similar to those found in this study. "This study, combined with previous research, helps to shed light on the role of the orbital/medial circuit in human behavior," she said. SOURCE: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition 2002;10.1073/pnas.112604099. Last Updated: 2002-05-29 10:00:26 -0400 (Reuters Health) By Amy Norton Copyright 2002 Reuters Limited. http://www.reutershealth.com/archive/2002/05/29/eline/links/20020529elin004. html janet paterson: an akinetic rigid subtype, albeit primarily perky, parky pd: 55/41/37 cd: 55/44/43 tel: 613 256 8340 email: [log in to unmask] smail: 375 Country Street, Almonte, Ontario, Canada, K0A 1A0 a new voice website: http://www.geocities.com/janet313/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn