Hi Bob: There is one way out from the patent trap you are talking about. A multinational company can carry out the research in another country, if their law allows, and then the work may be protected by the Interrnational Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). Just a thought. But, I am not familiar with the intricacies of the law. Anybody who knows patent laws can clarify this point. Raj [log in to unmask] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn