Hi Bernie, my definition is government involvement or interference or regulation of the economy as opposed to totally "free enterprise" or pure capitalism which we came close to having in the US in the 19th century. It's a matter of degree; hence the "mixed economy". Few people are actually Libertarians and don't want the govt to do anything at all. Usually, if they like what the govt is doing, its OK, if not it's socialism. Disclaimer: opinions expressed are only my own. I am too tired to look things up and everything you hear from me is what is left over from my teaching of American and European History. Check up on my facts/ I left out William Howard Taft (an Old Guard Republican who was President between Roosevelt and Wilson) Not that anyone cares, but Roosevelt broke with the Republican party when Taft (who was so fat he got stuck in White House bathtub) and the OG got control and Roosevelt formed and ran on the "Bull Moose" or Progressive Party, which split the Republican Party and Wilson, the Democrat, won. Here's hoping 2004 does bring relief to all who suffer. Ray ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn