>> "Are there any studies that look at the benefits of having >> DBS before vs >> after levadopa treatment? Or is DBS only tried after levodopa no longer >> is effective?" > The short answer is no. DBS has only had wide spread use for about the > last 5 years. In fact, in France they have been performing DBS for about 10 years now. They started doing it mainly on advanced cases. Now the tendency is to do it on moderate cases and not after 70 years of age and never without extensive psycho/ cognitive tests. They reckon it can benefit about 15% of all PWPs Maryse cg JOhn 75,15 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn