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As a matter of fact, I take great comfort in the fact that my beliefs
are verifiable, and refutable, through the scientific method (also
known as common sense).  There is nothing truly permanent in the
universe, including the whole she-"bang" itself.  And that is the true
source of humility.

Rick

----- Original Message -----
From: "Ned Gardner" <[log in to unmask]>
To: <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 1:59 PM
Subject: Re: Moral certainty


> Ray:
>
> Reasonable doubt; moral certainty
>
>
>  When one is "beyond doubt" or an issue has been settled "beyond
doubt," it
> means that certainty has been established to such a degree that
there can be
> no question whatsoever of the truth. On almost every question, the
only
> people who claim to be 100% beyond doubt are gods, egotists, and
fanatics.
> Mature people generally allow for the possibility, however slim,
that what
> they Know for Certain may be disproved.
>
>
>
> REASONABLE DOUBT -- ".refers to the degree of certainty required of
a juror
> before he or she can make a legally valid determination of the guilt
of a
> criminal defendant.The term doesn't require that the evidence be so
clear
> that no possibility of error exists; it means that the evidence must
be so
> conclusive that all reasonable doubts are removed from the mind of
the
> ordinary person. See also moral certainty."
>
> "MORAL CERTAINTY -- certainty beyond a reasonable doubt; a
conviction based
> on persuasive reasons and excluding doubts that a contrary
conclusion can
> exit. A juror is said to be morally certain of a fact when he or she
would
> act in reliance upon its truth in matters of greatest importance to
himself
> or herself."
>
> "REASONABLE MAN (OR PERSON) -- a phrase used to denote a
hypothetical person
> who exercises qualities of attention, knowledge, intelligence and
judgment
> that society requires of its members for the protection of their own
> interests and the interests of others."
>
> Ned
>
> From http://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "rayilynlee" <[log in to unmask]>
> To: <[log in to unmask]>
> Sent: Thursday, March 17, 2005 12:11 PM
> Subject: Re: Moral certainty
>
>
> > Moral  certainty is the cause  of  wars,  bigotry, intolerance and
much
> > suffering.  The person who is  certain  he  is right about as  yet
> > unanswerable  questions is a tremendous obstacle to progress.
Education
> > teaches  you  how much  you don't  know and defines the
boundaries of
> > your
> > knowledge.
> >
> > My education tells me a cell is a cell and there is  good  reason
to call
> > it a cell, not a  person.  I need  to hear some good reasons why
a cell
> > is
> > a  person to change my mind, not ooh  don't  name-call.
> >
> > Rayilyn Brown, MA  major History. minor Philosophy, UCLA
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "Ned Gardner" <[log in to unmask]>
> > To: <[log in to unmask]>
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 16, 2005 7:25 PM
> > Subject: Re: Souls in limbo
> >
> >
> >> Don:
> >>
> >> Moral certainty is always a sign of cultural inferiority. The
more
> >> uncivilized the man, the surer he is that he knows precisely what
is
> >> right
> >> and what is wrong. All human progress, even in morals, has been
the work
> >> of
> >> men who have doubted the current moral values, not of men who
have
> >> whooped
> >> them up and tried to enforce them. The truly civilized man is
always
> >> skeptical and tolerant.
> >> -- H. L. Mencken, Minority Report (1956)
> >>
> >>
> >> Ned
> >> ----- Original Message -----
> >> From: "Don Mckinley" <[log in to unmask]>
> >> To: <[log in to unmask]>
> >> Sent: Tuesday, March 15, 2005 2:32 PM
> >> Subject: Re: Souls in limbo
> >>
> >>
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
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