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  Michael J. Fox and Parkinson's Disease

Your Guide, Mary Kugler <http://rarediseases.about.com/mbiopage.htm>
 From Mary Kugler <http://rarediseases.about.com/mbiopage.htm>,
Your Guide to Rare / Orphan Diseases <http://rarediseases.about.com/>.
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    Exact causes still a mystery

Between one and one-and-a-half million Americans are affected by
Parkinson's disease, a disorder of the central nervous system.
"Parkinson's" is the overall term for at least six different categories
<http://rarediseases.about.com/library/weekly/blcategories.htm>of the
disorder, which usually affects people age 50 or older.

About 10-20% of people with Parkinson's are diagnosed before age 50;
only half of these people are diagnosed before age 40. This is called
juvenile Parkinson's. Michael J. Fox
<http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/XJ&sdn=rarediseases&zu=http%3A%2F%2Fus.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0000150%2F>,
diagnosed at age 38, is in this category.

*Possible causes*
People with Parkinson's disease have a shortage of a chemical that
affects movement (called dopamine) in their brains. It appears that
changes in the cells of the substantia nigra, the area of the brain that
produces dopamine, are at fault.


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How these changes happen is not precisely known; theories include
accelerated aging, genetic susceptibility, and environmental factors,
among others. Most likely Parkinson's disease is caused by a combination
of these things.

*Medical treatment*
Treatment of Parkinson's disease has traditionally been with medication
that can be made into dopamine in the brain (Sinemet), or by drugs that
seem to affect the use of dopamine in the brain (Symmetrel, Eldepryl).
Newer drugs, called dopamine agonists (Parlodel, Permax, Mirapex,
Requip), activate dopamine-sensitive brain cells.

Surgical treatments
One technique being investigated is high-frequency stimulation of a part
of the brain called the subthalamic nucleus. This is known as deep brain
stimulation
<http://rarediseases.about.com/cs/movementdisorders/a/020902.htm>. Brain
tissue transplants using genetically-altered cells, fetal tissue, or pig
tissue introduce cells to produce dopamine. New techniques for
thalamotomy and pallidotomy, which destroy the "trouble-causing" cells
in the brain using an electrode, are being developed.

*Michael J. Fox*
Michael J. Fox has established The Michael J. Fox Foundation for
Parkinson's Research
<http://clk.about.com/?zi=1/XJ&sdn=rarediseases&zu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michaeljfox.org>.
He has spoken out in favor of stem cell research and has worked
tirelessly to raise money for research. The Foundation Web site states,
"Fox wholeheartedly believes that if there is a concentrated effort from
the Parkinson's community, elected representatives in Washington, DC,
and (most importantly) the general public, researchers can pinpoint the
cause of Parkinson's and uncover a cure by 2010."

Important disclaimer information about this About site.
<http://rarediseases.about.com/gi/pages/mcopyrt.htm>


          Suggested Reading

Categories of Parkinson's disease
<http://rarediseases.about.com/library/weekly/blcategories.htm> Deep
Brain Stimulation
<http://rarediseases.about.com/cs/movementdisorders/a/020902.htm>


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