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hi arnie, so true that we don't know what PD itself is because everyone is on levodopa - *maybe* a DA at the beginning for a while, but then it is levodopa - period. however, i do believe that maryse ( i think it was maryse) suggested that compulsive behaviors had been associated with PD itself for years, and i took her to mean that they had been associated with the disease itself, since she has already made it clear that she feels they are associated with the meds. and that is the context in which i answered - a deficit of dopamine in pd itself being associated with compulsive behaviors is in contradiction to a surplus of dopamine being associated with compulsive behaviors, if one it attributing said behavior to dopamine. perhaps i misunderstood her, but in the context of what i diid understand her to say, there would definitely be a contradiction. mackenzie Arnold Kuzmack <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > ----- Original Message ----- > From: mackenzie > To: [log in to unmask] > Subject: Re: DAs & Gambling: The Non-Story, Part III - addendum II > Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2006 07:19:18 -0700 > > [snip] > > "Compulsive behaviours have been associated wit PD for a long time." > Compulsive behavior has been associated with levodopa for a > long time - I have no knowledge of PD itself having an > association - would seem contradictory for both low levels of > dopamine and high levels of dopamine to be associated with the > same type of behavior if that behavior is attributed to > dopamine. Actually, we don't know what the effect of "PD itself" would be. With very few exceptions, PWPs are treated with various individual drugs or combinations. We would not be able, ethically, to withhold treatment from PWPs in order to find out what the effects of "PD itself" would be, beyond what is described in the historical literature. It's also not contradictory for both high and low levels of dopamine to lead to compulsive behavior. People with low levels because of PD are treated with drugs to increase their dopamine levels (or equivalent). It's not surprising that they would then behave like people with higher levels. I am working on some more extensive comments on the issue of pathological gambling and PD, which I will hopefully finish in the next few days. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn Yahoo! Messenger with Voice. Make PC-to-Phone Calls to the US (and 30+ countries) for 2¢/min or less.