>> Ingested manganese is an essential nutrient. There is very >> little evidence of adverse neurological effects of ingested >> manganese. > > > it could be risky: > > http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/60/11/1761 Before drawing any conclusions, one would want to know more about these populations and, in particular, what led some of them to consume a lot more iron and manganese than the rest. Was there something about their sociological or other lifestyle characteristics that would occur disproportionately among people in this area who consume larger amounts of iron and manganese than others? While I don't have the full article, the abstract does not mention controlling for other variables, not even smoking and alcohol consumption (known to be related to PD risk) or correcting for multiple comparisons (where testing a large number of variables can lead to false positives.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn