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Bruce, you just post it like you send any email but to [log in to unmask] Rayilyn Brown Board Member AZNPF Arizona Chapter National Parkinson's Foundation [log in to unmask] ----- Original Message ----- From: [log in to unmask] To: rayilynlee Sent: Tuesday, November 27, 2007 11:23 AM Subject: Re: PD cause theory ----- Original Message ----- From: rayilynlee <[log in to unmask]> Date: Tuesday, November 27, 2007 12:26 pm Subject: Re: PD cause theory To: [log in to unmask] > Bruce, yes, it is interesting. Do you want me to post it > on PIEN? Yes, please. What is the usual procedure to post items/questions ? Thanks, Bruce > Ray > Rayilyn Brown > Board Member AZNPF > Arizona Chapter National Parkinson's Foundation > [log in to unmask] > ----- Original Message ----- > From: [log in to unmask] > To: [log in to unmask] > Sent: Monday, November 26, 2007 12:54 PM > Subject: PD cause theory > > > This review article (see abstract below) on the potential > cause(s) of PD makes very interesting reading - Bruce > > Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2007 Dec;33(6):599-614. Epub > 2007 Oct 24. > Parkinson's disease: a dual-hit hypothesis. > Hawkes CH, Del Tredici K, Braak H. > Essex Neuroscience Centre, Queen's Hospital, Romford, > Essex UK. > > Accumulating evidence suggests > that sporadic Parkinson's disease has a long prodromal period > during which several non-motor features develop, in particular, > impairment of olfaction, vagal dysfunction and sleep disorder. > Early sites of Lewy pathology are the olfactory bulb and enteric > plexus of the stomach. We propose that a neurotropic pathogen, > probably viral, enters the brain via two routes: (i) nasal, with > anterograde progression into the temporal lobe; and (ii) > gastric, secondary to swallowing of nasal secretions in saliva. > These secretions might contain a neurotropic pathogen that, > after penetration of the epithelial lining, could enter axons of > the Meissner's plexus and, via transsynaptic transmission, reach > the preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurones of the vagus > nerve. This would allow retrograde transport into the medulla > and, from here, into the pons and midbrain until the substantia > nigra is reached and typical aspects of disease commence. > Evidence for this theory from the perspective of olfactory and > autonomic dysfunction is reviewed, and the possible routes of > pathogenic invasion are considered. It is concluded that the > most parsimonious explanation for the initial events of sporadic > Parkinson's disease is pathogenic access to the brain through > the stomach and nose - hence the term 'dual-hit'. > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn >