Hi again, The PPN stands for Pedunculo-Pontine Nucleus, which is an area of the brain known to affect gait and balance. STN stands for Sub_Thalamic Nucleus which is the area of the brain which controls tremor and involuntary movements DBS /PPN operations are a relatively new procedure, I was only the 7th person in the UK to have it done. Regards Nigel ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn