Obviously, stress/trauma alone cannot be blamed or PD would be more widespread. However, if the observation holds true for most PWP, then stress/trauma as a co-factor must be considered. I lean toward a two-pronged foundation of stress/trauma combined with an immune response originating with fetal exposure to maternal infections ala the work of Liu and Hong at the NIH. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn