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I like the thought of constipation being a non-motor symptom ! Quoting mschild <[log in to unmask]>: > There is convincing evidence that the Parkinson disease neurodegenerative > process begins many years before the onset of motor manifestations. Initial > estimates based on nigral neuropathological findings or striatal dopamine > imaging suggested a 5- to 6-year preclinical period. However, more recent > evidence of Lewy body pathology in other neuronal populations preceding > nigral > involvement suggests that the preclinical phase may be much longer. > Epidemiologic studies of nonmotor manifestations, such as constipation, > anxiety disorders, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and > anemia, suggest that the preclinical period extends at least 20 years before > > the motor manifestations. Olfactory impairment and depression may also > precede > the onset of motor manifestations; however, the lag time may be shorter. > Recognition of a nonmotor preclinical phase spanning 20 or more years should > > guide the search for predictive biomarkers and the identification of risk or > > protective factors for Parkinson disease. > > Rodolfo Savica, MD, MSc; Walter A. Rocca, MD, MPH; J. Eric Ahlskog, PhD, MD > > Arch Neurol. 2010;67(7):798-801. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.135 > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] > In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn > ---------------------------------------------- This mail sent through http://www.ukonline.net ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn