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I read where although Parkinson disease (PD) is viewed traditionally as a motor syndrome secondary to nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation, recent studies emphasize non-motor features. Non-motor comorbidities, such as cognitive impairment, are likely the result of an intricate interplay of multi-system degenerations and neurotransmitter deficiencies extending beyond the loss of dopaminergic nigral neurons. The pathological hallmark of parkinsonian dementia is the presence of extra-nigral Lewy bodies that can be accompanied by other pathologies, such as senile plaques. Lewy first identified the eponymous Lewy body in .... Although cholinergic denervation is recognized as a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD), in vivo neuroimaging studies reveal loss of cerebral cholinergic markers in parkinsonian dementia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888997/ cholinergic systems depend upon acetycholine neurotransmitters. Ruth Bennett On Friday, March 7, 2014 12:33 PM, Ruth Bennett <[log in to unmask]> wrote: I thought Parkinson's Disease caused non-motor symptoms because the disease itself affects other systems besides the dopaminergic systems. Ruth Bennett On Thursday, March 6, 2014 2:04 AM, Rayilyn Brown <[log in to unmask]> wrote: http://www.viartis.net/parkinsons.disease/news.htm Ray Rayilyn Brown Past Director AZNPF Arizona Chapter National Parkinson Foundation ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn ---------------------------------------------------------------------- To sign-off Parkinsn send a message to: mailto:[log in to unmask] In the body of the message put: signoff parkinsn