Responding to :Joan and Donald Betts ([log in to unmask]) PD, Exercis and Balance Thank-you for your kind message donald, and thank-you also to Anne Rutherford for aknowledging my work in such a nice way. Donald, the types of exercises that hel persons with balance disorders are a combination of strength and balance training. Yes, the balance training is a therapy for those sensory systems which are responsible for the maintenance of balance, the vestibular apparatus, vision, and the proprioceptors. Balance exercises are as follows: 1. Stand on floor with eyes closed 2. Stand on floor with eyes close, head tilted back 3. Same as #3 with eyes open. 4. Stand on a piece of foam with eyes open, head normal 5. Stand on piece of foam, eyes closed, head normal 6. Stand on piece of foam, eyes closed, head extended (tilted back) 7. Stand on piece of foam, practice leaning forward and bacjwards to the limit of your stability, with eyes open. 8. Stand on floor, same as #7. Each exercise should be held for 20 seconds. 5 trials per exercise. Try this procedure for 10 consecutive days to see an improvement. All exercises should be performed under SUPERVISION. Additionally, it would be helpful to exercise the leg muscles with weights, 3 times per week at 50-80% of a one to four repetition maximum. I am using Nautilus machines in my study...Leg extension, Leg flexion, toe raises, and ankle dorsiflexion exercises. Warm-up before exercising!!! I will be starting my dissertation study soon. I'm having trouble finding (recruiting) participants. This is very frustrating, since I know from my pilot data and reading the literature that my exercise program will work! Hope that this info will help. Mark You've got to love what's lovable, and hate what's hateable. It takes brains to see the difference. --Robert Frost