Anne: Here follows a MEDLINE search of the literature on treatment of intractable hiccups. The last articles (both the same) deal specifically with the treatment of hiccups in Parkinson's Disease, and the drug of choice appears to be Metoclopramide (Reglan). Hope this is helpful. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2/L/2 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 08999191 94314191 Neuroleptic drug use in nonpsychiatric departments of a Dutch university hospital. Zitman FG; Pennings TM; Raes DC; Hekster YA Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Gen Hosp Psychiatry (UNITED STATES) Jan 1994, 16 (1) p32-7, ISSN 0163-8343 Journal Code: FNK Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9410 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS During a 1-year period, neuroleptic drug utilization was assessed in nonpsychiatric departments of a Dutch university hospital in defined daily doses (DDD), DDD per 100 patients and per 100 bed days. Substantial divergence was found among the nonpsychiatric departments with respect to the quantity as well as the types of neuroleptic used, but there was no relationship between psychiatric consultations and neuroleptic use. In semistructured interviews, the senior consultant at each department stated that neuroleptics were used not only for the treatment of behavior disorders but also for nonpsychiatric indications, such as pain, nausea, and hiccups. In addition, specific neuroleptics were considered to be appropriate for the treatment of specific indications, but the doses anticipated to be effective were in many cases well below the DDDs. It is concluded that substantial quantities of neuroleptics are prescribed for nonpsychiatric use. This is remarkable, because very little is known about nonpsychiatric indications and the effects of neuroleptics, including the unwanted side effects, in patients who are somatically ill. Tags: Comparative Study; Human Descriptors: *Cross-Cultural Comparison; *Patient Care Team--Statistical and Numerical Data--SN; *Prescriptions, Drug--Statistical and Numerical Data--SN; *Tranquilizing Agents, Major--Therapeutic Use--TU; Drug Utilization--Trends--TD; Hospitals, University; Netherlands--Epidemiology --EP; Specialties, Medical--Statistical and Numerical Data--SN; Tranquilizing Agents, Major--Adverse Effects--AE CAS Registry No.: 0 (Tranquilizing Agents, Major) 2/L/3 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 08910097 94225097 [Chronic hiccups] Le hoquet chronique. Cabane J; Desmet V; Derenne JP; Similowski T; Launois S; Bizec JL; Orcel B Service de Medecine Interne (Pr J. C. IMBERT), Hopital Saint-Antoine, Paris. Rev Med Interne (FRANCE) Nov 1992, 13 (6) p454-9, ISSN 0248-8663 Journal Code: SGJ Languages: FRENCH Summary Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE English Abstract JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9408 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS We report 18 cases of chronic hiccup (defined as lasting for more than 48 hours) in adults. Among the numerous possible causes, reflux esophagitis proved to be by far the most frequent (50% of the cases). However, hiccup often initiated a self-perpetuating vicious circle. This is possibly because hiccup per se can give esophageal dyskinesia, which in turn leads to gastro-esophageal reflux. The treatment was difficult and whenever possible has been directed chiefly towards the cause. However hiccup remained intractable in many cases even after a possible cause had been adequately cured (e.g., successful Nissen procedure in reflux cases). Central nervous system depressants and myorelaxing drugs were not very helpful, except for baclofen (initial response rate = 60%). Tags: Case Report; Female; Human; Male Descriptors: *Hiccup--Epidemiology--EP; *Hiccup--Etiology--ET; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baclofen--Therapeutic Use--TU; Chronic Disease; Esophagitis, Peptic--Complications--CO; Esophagitis, Peptic--Epidemiology --EP; Esophagitis, Peptic--Surgery--SU; Hiccup--Diagnosis--DI; Hiccup --Physiopathology--PP; Hiccup--Therapy--TH; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Remission, Spontaneous; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome CAS Registry No.: 1134-47-0 (Baclofen) 2/L/6 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 08755297 94070297 Persistent postoperative hiccups: a review. Hansen BJ; Rosenberg J Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand (DENMARK) Oct 1993, 37 (7) p643-6, ISSN 0001-5172 Journal Code: 08O Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9403 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS The pathogenesis of persistent postoperative hiccups is not known. Hiccups can present as a symptom of a subphrenic abscess of gastric distention, and metabolic alterations may also cause hiccups. The hiccups may develop because of increased activity in neural reflex pathways not yet fully defined. Numerous treatment modalities have been tried but with questionable success. Valproate has proven effective in two trials investigating persistent non-surgical hiccups. The simple application of a nasogastric tube may successfully treat the hiccups, possibly because of an alteration of the activity in the reflex neural pathways involved. The available literature on the treatment of persistent hiccups is reviewed, and a treatment protocol for persistent postoperative hiccups is provided. (24 Refs.) Tags: Human Descriptors: *Hiccup--Etiology--ET; *Hiccup--Therapy--TH; *Postoperative Complications; Time Factors 2/L/7 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 08514980 93224980 Intractable hiccups: treatment by microvascular decompression of the vagus nerve. Case Report. Johnson DL Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Penn State University School of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania. J Neurosurg (UNITED STATES) May 1993, 78 (5) p813-6, ISSN 0022-3085 Journal Code: JD3 Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9307 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Idiopathic hiccups are usually managed with pharyngeal stimulation or a plethora of pharmacological agents. Hiccups that persist and prove intractable to these medical measures are treated by crush or ablation of the phrenic nerve, which denervates the major respiratory muscle. This is the first reported case of nondestructive microvascular decompression of the vagus nerve for the treatment of intractable idiopathic hiccups. The success of microvascular decompression has been documented with other conditions, such as trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm, that are characterized by hyperactive dysfunctional neurovascular contact. The vagus nerve was separated from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery by inserting a Teflon pledget between the nerve and vessel which eliminated the neurovascular contact. One year after the initial surgery, the hiccups recurred. The Teflon pledget had fallen out of place and the nerve was once again in contact with the artery. Once the contact was eliminated by wrapping the artery with a tuft of Teflon, the hiccups stopped. The patient has remained free of hiccups for 3 years. It is concluded that patients with intractable idiopathic hiccups who fail medical therapy should be considered for microvascular decompression of the vagus nerve. Tags: Case Report; Female; Human Descriptors: *Hiccup--Surgery--SU; *Vagus Nerve--Surgery--SU; Adolescence ; Arteries--Abnormalities--AB; Cerebellum--Blood Supply--BS; Hiccup --Etiology--ET; Microsurgery 2/L/8 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 08472961 93182961 [Stopping persistent hiccups in the adult by endoscopic maneuver] Arret du hoquet persistant de l'adulte par manoeuvres endoscopiques. Beda BY; Niamkey EK; Ouattara D; Diallo AD; Adom AH; Djakoure S; Yoboue L ; Yangni-Angate Y; Kadjo K; Toutou T; et al Service de medecine interne, CHU de Treichville, Abidjan Cote-d'Ivoire. Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol (Paris) (FRANCE) Jan-Feb 1993, 29 (1) p11-3, ISSN 0066-2070 Journal Code: 55A Languages: FRENCH Summary Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE English Abstract JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9306 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Thirty-four patients with persistent hiccups (median duration 10 days) were treated by gentle endoscopic massage of the region of the cardia. Hiccups stopped in all cases. Its early recurrence in one patient only required a second massage, which was also effective. This simple technique is recommended for the treatment of persistent hiccups. Tags: Female; Human; Male Descriptors: *Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal--Methods--MT; *Hiccup--Therapy --TH; *Massage--Methods--MT; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Cote d'Ivoire--Epidemiology--EP; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal--Standards--ST ; Hiccup--Epidemiology--EP; Hiccup--Etiology--ET; Hospitalization --Statistical and Numerical Data--SN; Hospitals, University; Massage --Standards--ST; Middle Age; Recurrence; Time Factors 2/L/10 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 08290949 93000949 Hiccups. A case presentation and etiologic review. Loft LM; Ward RF Department of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, NY 10021. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (UNITED STATES) Oct 1992, 118 (10) p1115-9, ISSN 0886-4470 Journal Code: ALQ Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9301 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Hiccups (singultus) usually present as a common annoyance lasting for short periods. Rarely, they may be the harbinger of a serious disease. We present the case of a 19-year-old man in which intractable hiccups was the first and most prominent symptom of a serious underlying neurologic disorder. The patient had been examined by his pediatrician, and despite multiple medical regiments and physical maneuvers, his symptoms persisted. A thorough head and neck examination revealed a right-sided vocal cord paralysis. This finding prompted obtaining a magnetic resonance imaging scan, which demonstrated a type I Arnold-Chiari malformation associated with a large cervicothoracic syringomyelia. The patient was referred to the neurosurgical service and subsequently underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. There was considerable initial improvement in his neurologic status and cessation of the hiccups. However, the symptoms recurred within 1 month. The case report as well as a brief review of the relevant pathophysiologic and etiologic considerations and several treatment modalities for hiccups is presented. (36 Refs.) Tags: Case Report; Human; Male Descriptors: *Hiccup; Adult; Hiccup--Etiology--ET; Hiccup --Physiopathology--PP; Hiccup--Therapy--TH 2/L/13 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 07984861 92122861 High-frequency diaphragmatic flutter: symptoms and treatment by carbamazepine. Vantrappen G; Decramer M; Harlet R Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Leuven, Belgium. Lancet (ENGLAND) Feb 1 1992, 339 (8788) p265-7, ISSN 0023-7507 Journal Code: L0S Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9204 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Classic diaphragmatic flutter, a rare disorder associated with dyspnoea, thoracic or abdominal wall pain, and epigastric pulsations, is caused by involuntary contractions of the diaphragm with a frequency of 0.5-8.0 Hz. We have seen three patients with diaphragmatic flutter of higher frequency not associated with respiratory disease. The patients presented with longstanding oesophageal belching, hiccups, and retching, respectively. The diagnosis was established by the presence on electromyography of the diaphragm and scalene and parasternal intercostal muscles of repetitive discharges of 9-15 Hz. Spirographic tracings, especially those of volume or flow vs time, showed similar high-frequency oscillations superimposed on tidal respiratory movements. Treatment with carbamazepine 200-400 mg three times daily led to disappearance or great improvement of flutter and clinical symptoms in all three patients. The phenomenon was not seen in other patients with chronic hiccups or oesophageal belching or in patients without these symptoms who had undergone electromyography or spirography for other reasons. Thus, high-frequency diaphragmatic flutter seems to be a new disease entity. The response to carbamazepine, which suggests that the flutter causes the symptoms, requires further study. Tags: Case Report; Female; Human; Male Descriptors: *Carbamazepine--Therapeutic Use--TU; *Diaphragm; *Muscular Diseases--Drug Therapy--DT; Adult; Aged; Carbamazepine--Administration and Dosage--AD; Drug Administration Schedule; Electromyography--Methods--MT; Eructation--Drug Therapy--DT; Eructation--Etiology--ET; Hiccup --Drug Therapy--DT; Hiccup--Etiology--ET; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction --Drug Therapy--DT; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction--Etiology--ET; Middle Age; Muscle Contraction--Drug Effects--DE; Muscular Diseases--Physiopathology --PP CAS Registry No.: 298-46-4 (Carbamazepine) 2/L/14 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 07805895 91324895 Treatment of persistent hiccups [letter] Grant JA; Steiner EM; Johnson RH J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (ENGLAND) May 1991, 54 (5) p468, ISSN 0022-3050 Journal Code: JBB Languages: ENGLISH Document type: LETTER JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9111 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Case Report; Human Descriptors: *Baclofen--Therapeutic Use--TU; *Hiccup--Drug Therapy--DT; Aged; Baclofen--Administration and Dosage--AD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Middle Age CAS Registry No.: 1134-47-0 (Baclofen) 2/L/16 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 07702346 91221346 Hiccups (singultus): review and approach to management. Kolodzik PW; Eilers MA Department of Emergency Medicine, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45401-0927. Ann Emerg Med (UNITED STATES) May 1991, 20 (5) p565-73, ISSN 0196-0644 Journal Code: 4Z7 Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9108 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Hiccups are a common, and fortunately usually transient, benign malady. Occasionally, however, hiccups fail to resolve spontaneously, resulting in patient fatigue and incapacitation and the need for the affected individual to seek medical care for resolution of the problem. The approach to the management of these patients consists of the identification and treatment of serious underlying causes of the episode as well as therapeutic interventions to achieve hiccup resolution. (113 Refs.) Tags: Female; Human; Male Descriptors: *Hiccup; Hiccup--Physiopathology--PP; Hiccup--Therapy--TH 2/L/18 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 07248363 90155363 Persistent periodic hiccups following brain abscess: a case report. Jansen PH; Joosten EM; Vingerhoets HM Institute of Neurology, St Radboud Hospital, Catholic University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (ENGLAND) Jan 1990, 53 (1) p83-4, ISSN 0022-3050 Journal Code: JBB Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9005 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS A case is reported of a patient with periodic persistent hiccups and secondary generalised epilepsy lasting for a period of five years following a right temporal brain abscess. The recurring episodes of hiccups had a ten day rhythmicity and unlike epileptic convulsions were unresponsive to treatment. Tags: Case Report; Human; Male Descriptors: *Brain Abscess--Complications--CO; *Hiccup--Etiology--ET; *Meningitis, Pneumococcal--Complications--CO; Adult; Brain Abscess --Diagnosis--DI; Brain Concussion--Complications--CO; Electroencephalograph y; Follow-Up Studies; Frontal Lobe--Pathology--PA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meningitis, Pneumococcal--Diagnosis--DI; Recurrence; Skull Fractures--Complications--CO; Temporal Lobe--Pathology--PA 2/L/19 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 07106676 90013676 Possible role of autonomic afferents in treatment of postoperative hiccups [letter] Rosenberg J; Hansen B Lancet (ENGLAND) Oct 7 1989, 2 (8667) p873, ISSN 0023-7507 Journal Code: L0S Languages: ENGLISH Document type: LETTER JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 9001 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Case Report; Human; Male Descriptors: *Afferent Pathways--Physiopathology--PP; *Autonomic Nervous System--Physiopathology--PP; *Cholecystectomy--Adverse Effects--AE; *Hiccup --Therapy--TH; Adult; Hiccup--Physiopathology--PP; Intubation, Gastrointestinal 2/L/20 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 06974592 89276592 Interactional treatment of intractable hiccups. Bobele M Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Economics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409. Fam Process (UNITED STATES) Jun 1989, 28 (2) p191-206, ISSN 0014-7370 Journal Code: ESA Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 8909 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature regarding nonmedical approaches to the understanding and treatment of intractable hiccups. The author provides a rationale for an interactional view and presents a case in which post-surgical hiccups were successfully treated, using principles developed by the Mental Research Institute. Of particular interest is the manner in which the therapist managed a system that included the victim's wife, a physician, and other medical personnel who were all trying to eliminate the hiccups. Interventions were designed primarily to alter meanings attributed to the hiccups and, thus, to intervene in the system that was maintaining the problem. This article is presented as a response to Weakland's call for research and practice in family somatics. Tags: Case Report; Human; Male Descriptors: *Conversion Disorder--Psychology--PX; *Family Therapy; *Hiccup--Psychology--PX; Adult; Conversion Disorder--Therapy--TH; Family; Hiccup--Therapy--TH 2/L/22 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 06071756 87045756 Chronic hiccups. Lipsky MS Am Fam Physician (UNITED STATES) Nov 1986, 34 (5) p173-7, ISSN 0002-838X Journal Code: 3BT Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 8702 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Patients with chronic hiccups should be carefully examined for an underlying disorder while receiving symptomatic treatment. Treatment includes physical maneuvers, drugs such as chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, anticonvulsants or quinidine, and other, less tested modalities such as hypnosis. Only those patients with disabling hiccups that do not respond to conservative treatment should be considered for phrenic nerve surgery. Tags: Case Report; Female; Human; Male Descriptors: *Hiccup--Etiology--ET; Adult; Anticonvulsants--Therapeutic Use--TU; Central Nervous System Diseases--Complications--CO; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus--Complications--CO; Hiccup--Drug Therapy--DT; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases--Complications--CO; Valproic Acid --Therapeutic Use--TU CAS Registry No.: 0 (Anticonvulsants); 99-66-1 (Valproic Acid) 2/L/23 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 05747279 86048279 Treatment of intractable hiccups with intramuscular haloperidol. Ives TJ; Fleming MF; Weart CW; Bloch D Am J Psychiatry (UNITED STATES) Nov 1985, 142 (11) p1368-9, ISSN 0002-953X Journal Code: 3VG Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 8602 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Two patients with intractable hiccups were treated with intramuscular haloperidol; remission occurred within 1 hour. With its rapid action and low incidence of adverse effects, intramuscular haloperidol should be considered a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of intractable hiccups. Tags: Case Report; Human; Male Descriptors: *Haloperidol--Administration and Dosage--AD; *Hiccup--Drug Therapy--DT; Adult; Aged; Haloperidol--Adverse Effects--AE; Injections, Intramuscular CAS Registry No.: 52-86-8 (Haloperidol) 2/L/24 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 05728979 86029979 Potential uses for metoclopramide. Shaughnessy AF Drug Intell Clin Pharm (UNITED STATES) Oct 1985, 19 (10) p723-8, ISSN 0012-6578 Journal Code: EBU Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 8602 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, is approved in the U.S. for the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders. Its use has been investigated in a wide variety of diseases, including those not involving the intestinal tract. Although more study is required before routine clinical use of metoclopramide can be advocated, it may be effective in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, in decreasing the risk factors associated with anesthetic-related aspiration, and as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric bezoars. It also may be used safely in patients with Parkinson's disease. The use of metoclopramide in the treatment of neurogenic bladder, orthostatic hypotension, tumor-associated gastroparesis, nonprolactinemic amenorrhea, failure to thrive, Tourette's syndrome, anorexia nervosa, and hiccups, as well as an adjunct to migraine therapy, has been investigated, but sufficient evidence has not been accumulated to advocate the use of metoclopramide in these disorders. (50 Refs.) Tags: Human Descriptors: *Metoclopramide--Therapeutic Use--TU; Anorexia Nervosa--Drug Therapy--DT; Bezoars--Drug Therapy--DT; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced --Drug Therapy--DT; Failure to Thrive--Drug Therapy--DT; Hiccup--Drug Therapy--DT; Migraine--Drug Therapy--DT; Parkinson Disease--Drug Therapy--DT; Pneumonia, Aspiration--Drug Therapy--DT; Stomach; Vertigo--Drug Therapy--DT CAS Registry No.: 364-62-5 (Metoclopramide) 3/L/1 DIALOG(R)File 154:MEDLINE(R) (c) format only 1995 Knight-Ridder Info. All rts. reserv. 05728979 86029979 Potential uses for metoclopramide. Shaughnessy AF Drug Intell Clin Pharm (UNITED STATES) Oct 1985, 19 (10) p723-8, ISSN 0012-6578 Journal Code: EBU Languages: ENGLISH Document type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW JOURNAL ANNOUNCEMENT: 8602 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, is approved in the U.S. for the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders. Its use has been investigated in a wide variety of diseases, including those not involving the intestinal tract. Although more study is required before routine clinical use of metoclopramide can be advocated, it may be effective in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, in decreasing the risk factors associated with anesthetic-related aspiration, and as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric bezoars. It also may be used safely in patients with Parkinson's disease. The use of metoclopramide in the treatment of neurogenic bladder, orthostatic hypotension, tumor-associated gastroparesis, nonprolactinemic amenorrhea, failure to thrive, Tourette's syndrome, anorexia nervosa, and hiccups, as well as an adjunct to migraine therapy, has been investigated, but sufficient evidence has not been accumulated to advocate the use of metoclopramide in these disorders. (50 Refs.) Tags: Human Descriptors: *Metoclopramide--Therapeutic Use--TU; Anorexia Nervosa--Drug Therapy--DT; Bezoars--Drug Therapy--DT; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced --Drug Therapy--DT; Failure to Thrive--Drug Therapy--DT; Hiccup--Drug Therapy--DT; Migraine--Drug Therapy--DT; Parkinson Disease--Drug Therapy--DT; Pneumonia, Aspiration--Drug Therapy--DT; Stomach; Vertigo--Drug Therapy--DT CAS Registry No.: 364-62-5 (Metoclopramide) ============================================================ Best wishes, Bob -- ******************************************************** Robert A. Fink, M. D., F.A.C.S. Phone: 510-849-2555 Neurological Surgery FAX: 510-849-2557 2500 Milvia Street Suite 222 Berkeley, California 94704-2636 USA E-Mail: [log in to unmask] CompuServe: 72303,3442 America Online: BobFink "Ex Tristitia Virtus" ********************************************************