Hi Rick. "Kludged" is a word I learned from either Jim or Russ. It comes from a book of Tracy Kidder's and describes a programme that is clumsily attached to another programme instead of doing it "right." I can't put my hands on my copy of "First they arrested the Communists . . . ." It's one of those things I have carefully filed in a folder which is marked by something totally useless like "stuff" or "yet more stuff." Someday, I'll come across it again, and I'll send it to you then. Kenna