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Hi Will and other readers: The little smileyface and other symbols are called emoticons, and I devoted a bit of space in the third edition of the St. Martin's Handbook to a discussion/descsription of them. They are much more fully explored in a little book on electronic literacy, which I cite in the instructor's annotated edition, p. 518 or thereabouts. Unfortunately, I don't have a copy of this instructor edition at hand--but perhaps another reader will give you this source. If not, let me know and I'll dig it out. All best - Andrea Lunsford