I happened to keep it in the mail directory -- here it is again. -- Russ ====================================== Although I realize most of the interest on our composition list is concerned with the recent referendum, I thought I would bring up to date those of you interested in the evolution of the thread I began two or so weeks ago. In fact, ironically -- black irony, at that, the situation in my writing class with students who wish to compose essays with unacceptable value assumptions is perhaps just a microcosm of what I am hearing about racism in the current analyses of the political situation in Quebec. Since Mary-louise suggested she might want to do something with this issue in the next Inkshed, I thought I might summarize the advice I received and then explain how matters are progressing in the experimental crucible of my composition class. Here's the problem I raised: what do we, as writing instructors, do when competent students insist on writing essays that espouse values and/or strategies that are repugnant to the core of the academic community (what I would call the liberal-humanist tradition)? In my case, a good student insists on writing a paper in which he defends a plan that amounts to population control through premeditated, genocidal starvation. Now the advice: 1. Audience (suggested by Marcy Bauman, Susan Dobra, Jean Sanborn, Catherine Schryer) -- either get the student to imagine an audience for the essay that would vigorously debate the issues and reasoning in the argument and/or use the rest of the class as a mixed audience, some of whom will challenge this writer's approach. Or simply admit that I am the audience and I am offended by the views expressed. I tried these approaches, probably more by reflex than planning, but without too much success. Most of my students figure out that I, as instructor, am the audience for their writing and see any other discussion of audience as a bit of game that they only reluctantly and rather deviously play; this student knows my values -- this is the second composition course he's taken from me -- and he knows that his essay is posing a serious dilemma for me and, by implication, for other teachers. He is enjoying the power of his revenge against the establishment, and could care less if I don't like his values: if I were to give him a low mark on his essay only and simply because of these values, I suspect I could find myself in a Grievance, and I'm not at all convinced the administration would support me. Unfortunately, when we came to sharing papers in class, this student's position was by no means unique -- at least two other students had written much the same argument with the same conclusion. Interestingly enough, those students on his side were all male, whereas the (rather mild) opposition to his position came from the women in the class, who, sadly, were somewhat intimidated or reluctant to engage in dismantling his reasoning. 2. Modelling (Susan Dobra, Anthony Pare): that we model as instructors the best of our liberal-humanist values and assume/hope/pray that they will influence the values, decisions, and behaviours of our students at some point in the future is probably a given for most of us. After all, all of us have changed considerably since we were undergraduates (haven't we?). Well, in any case we all model behaviour-based values throughout our time in the classroom whether we like it or not, and students know how to read these deep messages perhaps better than what comes out of our mouths; whether this modeling is a seed that will eventually bear palatable fruit I'm not sure. To some students our modeling may simply solidify their opinions of us as wimps, whose ideas can be easily dismissed. But when we are pushed to the wall, as I feel I am in this case, modeling may be all we really can do. Anthony added the idea that what I am hearing from the student may be "unopened baggage" and the student may simply be trying to find out if the received opinions in the suitcase need washing; he may appear to be intransigent at this point only to save face. I suspect this is true for many of our students -- the classroom is an arena for testing opinions that have been inculcated by the media, politicians, etc. This student, however, is a 28-yr old who works at a bank; I'm not sure how plastic his deep schema are. 3. Examine alternatives. Mieke Tucker, for example, suggested that some third-world countries want to get away from depending on the economic dictates of the first world, and reducing or removing debilitating aid might be a step in that direction. The student and I have, indeed, examined in private consultation and in class discussion the implications and options involved in the current problem. After sorting through the misapplication of Darwin's theories, the racist implications of selective starvation, the abject poverty caused by international financial institutions, the devastating legacy of colonialism, the fact that 20% of the world consumes 80% of its resources, the demands for exploitation and oppression connected to the extraction of huge profits by transnational corporations, the excesses of military expenditure, the hypothesis supported by Oxfam and Unesco that 25-40 billion a year could feed all the hungry, and the observation made repeatedly by NGO's that fertility rates plummet for peoples who reach a life-style platform of some stability (I even factored in most of the wonderful ideas provided by Lahoucine Ouzgane from Shiva & Mies _Ecofeminism_) - - but even after all this, my nemesis student was unmoved. His response was this: the idea of changing anything in the network of institutions that create poverty and hunger is a fantasy -- the forces in power will not make any changes in their condition of elite dominance even for the sake of one hungry child; therefore, since these children will die anyway, a relatively swift death for many (withdrawal of aid) is preferable to a slow death for many (continuing the pittance of aid). When pushed, he -- and his cohorts -- admitted that they would not support any changes in "the System" because they wanted to have a monster home with two Mercedes in driveway, and they saw tampering with the system as a threat to this goal. When I played the empathy card (remember Stalin: one person's death is a tragedy; the death of a million is a statistic) and asked them whether they could remove the bowl of milk from a starving child's mouth so they could have their toys, they all said "yes". Well, this is Alberta, you know. Judy Kalman suggested having students write an assignment "in which they must state and argue a view diametrically opposed to their own." This is an approach I like very much, and it works well for most students in getting them to shift extreme positions to compromises or at least in getting them to sharpen their own arguments by examining them for weaknesses. I haven't been able to apply this idea in this instance yet, but perhaps I can get my student to speculate on how "the System" might be changed so that the hungry can eat and he can have most, if not all, of his toys -- Make it all less threatening, as it were, by making it hypothetical. 4. Supply the student with published articles that subvert his assumptions and argument (Catherine Schryer and one respondent whose name unfortunately was lost). As well, a number of professional articles dealing with this issue of our value- obligation as writing teachers were mentioned. Laurence Steven also suggested, among many other delightful comments, that a teacher might suggest to a student that the vast majority of sage authorities in the history of ideas agree with position X, but not with his. The danger here, of course, is that this approach could, as Anthony Pare, has suggested "harden rather than soften [his] position": he could feel outnumbered and ganged up on. My student said simply and quite perceptively that times had changed drastically from when most of the wise sages had lived, and their ideas no longer apply in a global village/economy. I looked up all the materials suggested and photocopied the essays that appeared as if they might help; I also included a copy of Swift's "A Modest Proposal". Well, all this reading certainly helped me clarify my ideas, but the student remained unmoved: he agreed that the points made were valuable and that ethically he agreed with them, but ultimately they had for him no pragmatic suasion: he was not going to risk his toys. I'm not at all sure he thought Swift was being ironic. Most of the advice under #3 and #4 assumes that our students come to us with open and inquiring minds, the counterpart, in effect, of our own liberal humanism. For the most part, I suspect this is true, even though the openness may be camouflaged, but it is certainly not true for them all; and I seem to sense a decrease in openness: "Just give me the facts, test me, train me, and get me out of here, anything, but don't ask me to entertain threatening ideas." There's my summary -- my apologies for allowing it to be so lengthy. I do want to thank again all of you who responded -- I very much appreciate your help. I hope this review will be of some assistance to all of you. The outcome of my particular situation still hangs, as you may have gathered, in the balance: I have given the student the rest of semester to read, think, and revise, and I have stated in all seriousness that I wish I could grant him the rest of his life to think through these value issues; I have also absolved him from several other writing tasks so that he can concentrate on preparing this current essay; I have suggested to him that his task is to solve the contradiction between his needs/fears and the ethical weight of the humanist tradition; and I have promised him that I will be scrupulously fair in assessing his final draft when it arrives on my desk. Hope springs eternal! All the best. Richard Collier __|~_ Russell A. 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