Here's some additional info regarding the link between pesticides and
parkinson's disease. I downloaded this from Medline:
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7
AU - Hubble JP
AU - Cao T
AU - Hassanein RE
AU - Neuberger JS
AU - Koller WC
TI - Risk factors for Parkinson's disease [see comments]
SI - TOXBIB/94/020288
CM - Comment in: Neurology 1993 Sep;43(9):1641-3
SO - Neurology; VOL 43, ISS 9, 1993, P1693-7
AB - Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with rural living,
well-water consumption, and pesticide exposure; however, the
individual risk contribution of these variables has not been
established. We examined social and medical histories of
predominantly rural populations to determine relative risk
factors for PD. Patients and controls were surveyed regarding
residency, occupation, medical history, and social and dietary
habits. An initial multiple logistic regression model was
confounded by excessive variable colinearity. Principal factor
analysis yielded three factors: rural living (including years of
rural residency and ground-water use), pesticide use, and male
lifestyle (male gender, head trauma, male-dominated occupations).
Other variables did not load in factor analysis and were entered
separately, with the three factor scores, in a second multiple
logistic regression model. Significant predictors of PD emerged
(in order of strength): pesticide use, family history of
neurologic disease, and history of depression. The predicted
probability of PD was 92.3% (odds ratio = 12.0) with all three
predictors positive. Pesticide use (distinguishable from rural
living) can be considered a risk factor for the development of
PD, with family history of neurologic disease and history of
depression serving as weaker predictors of PD.
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Agriculture
MH - Alcohol Drinking
MH - Female
MH - Herbicides/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Human
MH - Life Style
MH - Male
MH - Middle Age
MH - *Occupational Exposure
MH - Parkinson Disease/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/ETIOLOGY
MH - Pesticides/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Regression Analysis
MH - Risk Factors
MH - *Rural Health
MH - Smoking/ADVERSE EFFECTS
RN - 0 (Herbicides)
RN - 0 (Pesticides)
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8
AU - Semchuk KM
AU - Love EJ
AU - Lee RG
TI - Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and
pesticide chemicals.
SI - TOXBIB/92/319287
SO - Neurology; VOL 42, ISS 7, 1992, P1328-35
AB - This population-based case-control study of 130 Calgary residents
with neurologist-confirmed idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD)
and 260 randomly selected age- and sex-matched community controls
attempted to determine whether agricultural work or the
occupational use of pesticide chemicals is associated with an
increased risk for PD. We obtained by personal interviews
lifetime occupational histories, including chemical exposure
data, and analyzed the data using conditional logistic regression
for matched sets. In the univariate analysis, a history of field
crop farming, grain farming, herbicide use, or insecticide use
resulted in a significantly increased crude estimate of the PD
risk, and the data suggested a dose-response relation between the
PD risk and the cumulative lifetime exposure to field crop
farming and to grain farming. However, in the multivariate
analysis, which controlled for potential confounding or
interaction between the exposure variables, previous occupational
herbicide use was consistently the only significant predictor of
PD risk. These results support the hypothesis that the
occupational use of herbicides is associated with an increased
risk for PD.
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Aged, 80 and over
MH - Agricultural Workers' Diseases/*EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH - Alberta/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH - Analysis of Variance
MH - Case-Control Studies
MH - Chi-Square Distribution
MH - Female
MH - Human
MH - Male
MH - Middle Age
MH - Occupational Exposure/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Parkinson Disease/*EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH - Pesticides/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN - 0 (Pesticides)
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9
AU - Jimenez-Jimenez FJ
AU - Mateo D
AU - Gimenez-Roldan S
TI - Exposure to well water and pesticides in Parkinson's disease: a
case-control study in the Madrid area.
SI - TOXBIB/92/261644
SO - Mov Disord; VOL 7, ISS 2, 1992, P149-52
AB - Past exposure to well water and pesticides was assessed in 128
unselected Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 256 age and
sex-matched controls. All were residents in a defined urban area
of Madrid, Spain. In keeping with other reports, we found that
exposure to well water might be a factor associated with the
likelihood of developing PD, though only prolonged exposures of
30 years or longer were significantly different between PD and
controls (p less than 0.02). In contrast, past exposure to
pesticides did not appear to be associated with an increased risk
of developing PD. Prolonged well water drinking antedating the
development of PD was not associated with early onset of the
disease, nor did such cases progress to greater disability.
Future case-control studies addressing prolonged well water
consumption as a risk factor in PD should look for differences in
the content of substances other than pesticides in the water as
determined by the source of water to which patients may have been
specifically exposed.
MH - Aged
MH - Female
MH - Human
MH - Male
MH - Middle Age
MH - Parkinson Disease, Symptomatic/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED/DIAGNOSIS
MH - Pesticide Residues/*ADVERSE EFFECTS/ANALYSIS
MH - Risk Factors
MH - *Rural Population
MH - Spain
MH - Water Pollutants, Chemical/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*ADVERSE
EFFECTS
MH - Water Supply/*ANALYSIS
RN - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
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10
AU - Bachurin SO
AU - Tkachenko SE
AU - Lermontova NN
TI - Pyridine derivatives: structure-activity relationships causing
parkinsonism-like symptoms.
SI - TOXBIB/92/123973
SO - Rev Environ Contam Toxicol; VOL 122, 1991, P1-36 (REF: 147)
AB - In recent years, sufficient evidence has surfaced to implicate
low-molecular-weight organic compounds in certain known
neurological disorders. At this time,
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is considered
the compound capable of inducing conditions most similar to
idiopathic parkinsonism in clinical, biochemical, and
histopathological characteristics. Substances containing
MPTP-like fragments are used as herbicides, drugs and
intermediates in the synthesis of many heterocyclic compounds.
The mechanistic study of toxic MPTP action has enabled
development of criteria for appraising potential parkinsonogenic
properties of similar chemical structures. Key features of MPTP
action include the following: 1. Ability to pass through the
blood-brain barrier (BBB). 2. Enzymatic biotransformation to the
neuroactive form (pyridine metabolites). 3. Transfer to neurons
via a neuromediator reuptake system. 4. Action on intracellular
targets. This review discusses data concerning the effects of
metabolite structure on the major steps in the neurotropic action
mechanism of MPTP-like compounds. Special attention is focused on
the key steps defining the selectivity of MPTP's neuronal action,
i.e., the activation step caused by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and
interaction with the dopamine (DA) reuptake system. Most
structural MPTP analogs (including certain pesticide
preparations) used in our experiments and described in the
literature exhibit no degenerative MPTP-like properties. This is
probably related to the fact that each consecutive stage in the
MPTP neurotoxicity mechanism makes rather stringent demands on
metabolite structure. The number of structures which concurrently
meet the requirements of all the processes is finite. This,
however, does not invalidate the hypotheses concerning the
ecotoxic nature of idiopathic parkinsonism. Possible ecotoxins
may have only a partial, presymptomatic effect which, however,
promotes age-related neurodegenerative processes and accelerates
development of parkinsonism. This concept necessitates designing
special tests of the possible neurotoxic properties of compounds
found in the environment which may be functional MPTP analogs.
MH - Animal
MH - Human
MH - Parkinson Disease, Symptomatic/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH - Pyridines/*ADVERSE EFFECTS/CHEMISTRY/TOXICITY
MH - Structure-Activity Relationship
MH - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/*ADVERSE EFFECTS/
CHEMISTRY/TOXICITY
RN - 0 (Pyridines)
RN - 28289-54-5 (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)
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11
AU - Wechsler LS
AU - Checkoway H
AU - Franklin GM
AU - Costa LG
TI - A pilot study of occupational and environmental risk factors for
Parkinson's disease.
SI - TOXBIB/92/080182
SO - Neurotoxicology; VOL 12, ISS 3, 1991, P387-92
AB - Increasingly, the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been
linked to exposures to environmental toxicants. This
epidemiologic pilot study used a self-administered questionnaire
among 34 PD cases and 22 other neurology clinic control patients.
All subjects were at least 40 years old. Risk factors
investigated included occupation, well-water use, pesticide use,
metal exposures, medical history, smoking, alcohol consumption,
and drug use. Twenty-six percent of the male PD cases reported
having been employed in farming versus eleven percent for male
controls (OR = 3.1, 95% C.I. = 0.3 to 35). Sixteen percent of
male cases versus none of the controls reported employment as
welders. No clear trends involving exposure to either
occupational or home pesticides emerged. In assessing
occupational exposures to metals, aluminum and copper exposures
tended to be more common among male cases than male controls.
Additionally, as reported in other studies, smoking showed an
inverse relationship with PD. Although the findings reported here
are provocative, these results are statistically imprecise and
must be interpreted cautiously because of the small number of
subjects included in the study.
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Case-Control Studies
MH - Environmental Pollutants/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Female
MH - Human
MH - Male
MH - Metals/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Middle Age
MH - Occupational Diseases/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH - Parkinson Disease, Symptomatic/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH - Pesticides/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Pilot Projects
MH - Risk Factors
MH - Smoking/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Water Pollutants, Chemical/ADVERSE EFFECTS
RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN - 0 (Metals)
RN - 0 (Pesticides)
RN - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
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12
AU - Chapman LJ
AU - Sauter SL
AU - Henning RA
AU - Levine RL
AU - Matthews CG
AU - Peters HA
TI - Finger tremor after carbon disulfide-based pesticide exposures.
SI - TOXBIB/91/378801
SO - Arch Neurol; VOL 48, ISS 8, 1991, P866-70
AB - Index finger tremor accompanying voluntary movement was studied
in 19 age-matched control subjects and in 19 grain industry
employees chronically exposed to carbon disulfide-based
fumigants. Visual judgments of tremor amplitude made by
neurologists during clinical examinations equaled the sensitivity
of computerized tremor amplitude measurements. Tremor frequency
variations detectable only with computerized measurement were
present in grain workers with and without increased tremor
amplitudes. Frequency differences discriminated between normal
subjects and 74% of the grain workers. The distribution of tremor
frequency power in the grain workers was often sequestered at 5
to 7 Hz, reminiscent of tremor in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
These findings suggest that the measurement of subtle tremor
frequency changes may provide an early indication of chronic
carbon disulfide poisoning.
MH - Adult
MH - Aged
MH - Agriculture
MH - Carbon Disulfide/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Electrophysiology
MH - Elevators and Escalators
MH - *Fingers/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH - Human
MH - Middle Age
MH - Muscle Contraction
MH - Occupational Diseases/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED/DIAGNOSIS/
PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH - Pesticides/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH - Transducers
MH - Tremor/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED/DIAGNOSIS/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
RN - 0 (Pesticides)
RN - 75-15-0 (Carbon Disulfide)
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13
AU - HUBBLE JP
AU - CAO T
AU - HASSANEIN R ES
AU - NEUBERGER JS
AU - KOLLER WC
TI - Risk factors ofr Parkinson's disease.
SI - BIOSIS/94/34647
SO - NEUROLOGY; 43 (9). 1993. 1693-1697.
AB - BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Parkinson's disease (PD) has been
associated with rural living, well-water consumption, and
pesticide exposure; however, the individual risk contribution of
these variables has not been established. We examined social and
medical histories of predominantly rural populations to determine
relative risk factors for PD. Patients and controls were surveyed
regarding residency, occupation, medical history, and social and
dietary habits. An initial multiple logistic regression model was
confounded by excessive variable collinearity. Principal factor
analysis yielded three factors: rural living (including years of
rural residency and ground-water use), pesticide use, and male
lifestyle (male gender, head trauma, male-dominated occupations).
Other variables did not load in factor analysis and were entered
separately, with the three factor scores, in a second multiple
logistic regression model. Significant predictors of PD emerged
(in order of strength): pesticide use, family history of
neurologic disease, and history of depression. The predicted
probability of PD was 92.3% (odds ratio = 12.0) with all three
predictors positive. Pesticide use (distinguishable from rural
living) can be considered a risk factor for the development of
PD, with family history of neurologic disease and history of
depression serving as weaker predictors of PD.
MH - BEHAVIOR
MH - HUMAN
MH - BIOCHEMISTRY
MH - THERAPEUTICS
MH - MUSCULAR DISEASES/PATHOLOGY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH - NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES/*PATHOLOGY
MH - MENTAL DISORDERS/THERAPY/PATHOLOGY
MH - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
MH - POISONING
MH - ANIMALS, LABORATORY
MH - HOMINIDAE
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14
AU - SEMCHUK KM
AU - LOVE EJ
AU - LEE RG
TI - Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and
pesticide chemicals.
SI - BIOSIS/92/27623
SO - NEUROLOGY; 42 (7). 1992. 1328-1335.
AB - BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. This population-based case-control
study of 130 Calgary residents with neurologist-confirmed
idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 260 randomly selected
age- and sex-matched community controls attempted to determine
whether agricultural work or the occupational use of pesticide
chemicals is associated with an increased risk for PD. We
obtained by personal interviews lifetime occupational histories,
including chemical exposure data, and analyzed the data using
conditional logistic regression for matched sets. In the
univariate analysis, a history of field crop farming, grain
farming, herbicide use, or insecticide use resulted in a
significantly increased crude estimate of the PD risk, and the
data suggested a dose-response relation between the PD risk and
the cumulative lifetime exposure to field crop farming and to
grain farming. However, in the multivariate analysis, which
controlled for potential confounding or interaction between the
exposure variables, previous occupational herbicide use was
consistently the only significant predictor of PD risk. These
results support the hypothesis that the occupational use of
herbicides is associated with an increased risk for PD.
MH - MATHEMATICS
MH - STATISTICS
MH - BIOLOGY
MH - BIOCHEMISTRY
MH - NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES/PATHOLOGY
MH - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS/POISONING
MH - OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
MH - *OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
MH - HERBICIDES
MH - PEST CONTROL/METHODS
MH - PESTICIDES
MH - HOMINIDAE
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15
AU - HUBBLE JP
AU - HASSANEIN R
AU - CAO T
AU - NEUBERGER J
AU - KOLLER W
TI - HERBICIDE-PESTICIDE EXPOSURE INDEPENDENT OF RURAL LIVING AS A
RISK FACTOR FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE
SI - BIOSIS/92/20233
SO - 44TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY, SAN
DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, USA, MAY 3-9, 1992. NEUROLOGY; 42 (4 SUPPL.
3). 1992. 174.
AB - BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN WATER
CONSUMPTION
MH - CONGRESSES
MH - BIOLOGY
MH - HUMAN
MH - SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
MH - ECOLOGY
MH - BEHAVIOR
MH - HUMAN
MH - BODY WATER
MH - NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES/PATHOLOGY
MH - ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS/POISONING
MH - OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
MH - DISINFECTION
MH - PEST CONTROL
MH - DISEASE VECTORS
MH - PESTICIDES
MH - PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
MH - STATISTICS
MH - COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES
MH - *AIR POLLUTION
MH - *SOIL POLLUTANTS
MH - *WATER POLLUTION
MH - HERBICIDES
MH - PEST CONTROL/METHODS
MH - PESTICIDES
MH - HOMINIDAE
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