A recent post by J.R. Brumen giving information about apoptosis gives a reference in Sience. Let me add that there is also a reference to research on apoptosis in the UPF 1995 NEWSLETTER#2, part 1,p1 and also in the UPF NEWSLETTER #3, part1,p7. What interested me most was that there is evidence that levidopa is capable of causing apoptotic cell death in dopaminergic neurons. It therefore is possible that what helps the PD patient may also be that which causes the disease progression. On p5 of the first reference above, research is discussed which shows that in animal data the administration of levidopa increases the free radical production thoughout the brain, which might be a clue to its causing PD progression, if it is shown that it does. If I were taking levidopa, I would take adequate amounts of antioxidents for its radical scavenging effect. ---Milo Milo V. Anderson, Ph.D. Box 417 Angwin, CA 94508 voice 707 965 2508 fax 707 965 3148 e-mail [log in to unmask]