That's amazing, David: when I saw the phrase in that list I assumed it had rather more to do with caning than with anything like "monitorial" or "mutual improvement" systems. Guess I'm going to have to go look at Alan Richardson's _Literature, Education, and Romanticism_ . . . I'd never have conjoined those three terms, either: any two, but not all three . . . -- Russ __|~_ Russell A. Hunt __|~_)_ __)_|~_ HOMEPAGE: www.StThomasU Department of English )_ __)_|_)__ __) .ca/Faculty/hunt.htm St. Thomas University | )____) | EMAIL: [log in to unmask] Fredericton, New Brunswick___|____|____|____/ FAX: (506) 450-9615 E3B 5G3 CANADA \ / PHONE: (506) 363-3891 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~