The cause and effect relationship between PD and Depression could be more complicated than one causing the other or vice versa. Assuming that depression is expressed by the brain, and assuming that there are real-life siutations that cause depression, which is a unique, usually temporary state of the brain, it is possible that these temporary states could lead to permanent degenerative changes in the brain. For example, if the depression causes activity in a depression center, if this increase in neural activity results in toxic byproducts (free radicals), then neurons could be destroyed. The neurons destroyed may not be those primarily activated, but nearby neurons whose threshold for destructiion is lower. If the normal function of these destroyed neurons is to inhibit the neurons whose activity is "subjective" depression, then these depression neurons will become more active, producing more and more toxic byproduct, more depression, and more destruction of the susceptible neurons. Please put this aside to read when you can't sleep. Allan Netick