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On New Orleans Mardi Gras, see George Lipsitz book, *Time Passages: Collective Memory and America Popular Culture* (University of Minnestoa Press, 1990). In a chapter called "Mardi Gras Indians: Carnival and Counter-Narrative in Black New Orleans," Lipsitz describes the popular narraives that are created through Mardi Gras, the icons and images used in masking and other performantive and symbolic acts. Lora Taub Department of Communication U.C. San diego