Mark Alexander Hirsch wrote: <<<I have been a member of this list for 3 years (I think) and have been following the debate on exercise and Parkinson's with great interest! In the last post or two there was discussion concerning the effects of exercise on L-Dopa utilization in the brain and blood stream/muscle metabolism and I have a few articles on this. Here are some citations for those interested in learning more: Carter et al. (1992). The effect of exercise on levodopa absorptition. Neurology, 42, 2042-2045 Goetz et al. (1993). Blood levodopa levels and unified PD rating scale function: With and without exercise. Neurology, 43, 1040-1042. Burleigh et al. (1995). Step initiation in PD: influence of levodopa and external sensory triggers. Brain Hope this sparks some more debate on this very important and controversial topic.>>>> Is some portion of the information available on the internet? locating neurolgy journals is not so easy for some. Perhaps there is a review of the research findings in that "area" of research work. Thank you for participating. I find some pertinence in the lack of use of my feet and legs relatively to be pertinent to the foot cramps and occasional spasms that seem responsive to levodopa in my instance - and the article in the currrent AARP Bulletin regarding RLS and another thing or two. The levodopa prescribed for RLS and dystonia may be peripheral nerve "nourishment" that is improved by vascular increase in the leg, calf, and foot muscles. The liquid accumulation of lower extremities is sometiimes blockage of veinous flow and there can be lymphatic fluid blockage swelling also. any comments regarding these? -- ron 1936, dz PD 1984 Ridgecrest, California Ronald F. Vetter <[log in to unmask]> http://www.ridgecrest.ca.us/~rfvetter