Greetings REED-Lers, I'd like to share with the list a small find which some might find interesting. While working on a 14thc manuscript I came across a Latin glossary which contains a definition for the verb "ludo". This is perhaps not as surprising as it sounds but 3 of the 4 definitions are essentially dramatic in character and being of a fairly early date I thought it well to post it here. The MS. this was taken from is in the Bibliotheka Uniwersytecka, Poland (IQ 158) but it's provenance is certainly German, perhaps Austrian. Ludo Principio id est narrare; secundo id est decipere; tertio sit voluntatem propriam habere seu operare in opere; quarto sit adorare ydola. The third definition brings to mind perhaps the meaning that is most used today: to play at something, not to take it seriously, to toy with something (literally to have one's own will with it) etc... The second recalls the essential mimetic aspect of drama--- to deceive, to symbolize etc.. The first and fourth are interesting in that they seem to indicate miming and the use of religious images as part of a dramatic entertainment. The definition is also interesting for what it doesn't offer. Missing is the classical "saltare" to dance, or even to sing. -Steve Killings Steven James Killings Centre for Medieval Studies [log in to unmask] [log in to unmask] http://www.chass.utoronto.ca:8080/~killings/