Please let me help with this medical research. Look for the stars they are my comments. >I believe the nicotinomide (sp??) that we find in the long name for = NADH >refers to a B vitamin, I think a form of niacin, hence the prickly h= eat and >flush response. Not related to nicotine, pretty sure. >Kathie Tollifson >[log in to unmask] >46/8 TI: Efficient reduction of lipoamide and lipoic acid by mammalian thi= oredoxin r AU: Arner-ES; Nordberg-J; Holmgren-A SO: Biochem-Biophys-Res-Commun. 1996 Aug 5; 225(1): 268-74 PY: 1996 AB: Reduction of the antioxidant lipoic acid has been proposed to be = catalyzed in vivo by lipoamide dehydrogenase (LipDH) or glutathione reductase (= GR). We have found that thioredoxin reductase (TR) from calf thymus, calf liv= er, human placenta, and rat liver efficiently reduced both lipoic acid and lipo= amide with Michaelis-Menten type kinetics in NADPH-dependent reactions. In contr= ast to LipDH, lipoic acid was reduced almost as efficiently as lipoamide. Un= der equivalent conditions at 20 degrees C, pH 8.0, mammalian TR reduced l= ipoic acid **** This is an important sentence, the NADH is for sale and it is so= mewhat effective, well really effective for my father, his legs (as he told = me=20 loosened up) the NADPH is 15 times more effective than NADH, let me s= top here the nicotine has nothing to do with NADH, OK, What the nicotine does = is turn on a receptor in the brain, it has something involvement with the Chr= omosome 15, now for the NADH, remember that the NADH is simply nothing more t= han a=20 enzyme, and in some people this enzyme is deficient, this enzyme work= s in the body to make dopamine, so this is something that we already know we n= eed. When our body is not making enough of this neurotransmitter(dopamin= e). We need something to give it a boost kind of like Vitamin C. Then thi= s medical research tells us that better than NADH or NADPH there is this Thioch= ic Acid=20 that is 2.5 times better than the NADPH. So I have up-graded my comp= uter, and I am trying earnestly to find more information on this Thiochic Acid,= that=20 I believe is safe, but I need to learn more about it. I am 42 years o= ld and=20 I will not rest until I have found a way to get my father out of this= , so hang tight, I am looking out for a cure! Mean while, change your diet= , nothing processed, nothing canned(aluminum) change your shampoo and toothpast= e, again aluminum, the Lord said that Bread was the staff of live, well read y= our history, bread was made by whole grain Quinoa, not your average off t= he=20 counter bread, so check! Now, amino acids like methionine and phenyla= lanine, get this book called Thorsons Guide to Amino Acids by Leon Chaitow, y= our doctor is not going to tell you this because there is no profit in na= tural medicine, now a Hair Analysis is a good idea, it showed me what nutri= ents=20 my father was deficient in. (but it costs). What you probably have no= t been told is althought you may be taking vitamins that your body is not ab= sorbing them, this is why you need digestive enzymes, if your body was taking= in these nutrients from food then you probably would not have parkinsons disea= se, so then you need to enforce detox, now I probably have everyone confu= sed. But this is the road to getting well. It is really not that hard, and= I am willing to help anyone that needs to get started. You could visit you= r health food store and show them this letter and they will understand what yo= u need. 1)get the NADH for now 2)ask for digestive enzymes 3)get a hair analysis to see where the problems are 4)eat complex-carbohydr. they are easy for the body to break down. I will try to post more tomorrow. you can e-mail me at carltonl@citad= el.edu Best Wishes Linda Forrests Mom by NADPH 15 times more efficiently than the corresponding NADH depend= ent reduction catalyzed by LipDH (297 min-1 for TR vs. 20.3 min-1 for Lip= DH). Moreover, TR was 2.5 times faster in reducing lipoic acid with NADPH = than in catalyzing the reverse reaction (oxidation of dihydrolipoic acid with= NADP+). In contrast, LipDH was only 0.048 times as efficient in the forward r= eaction as compared to the reverse reaction (using NADH and NAD+). We conclude t= hat all or part of the previously described NADPH-dependent lipoamide dehydrogen= ase (diaphorase) activities in mammalian systems should be attributed to = TR. Our results suggest that in mammalian cells a significant part of the therapeutically important reduction of lipoic acid is catalyzed by th= ioredoxin reductase. P, Marsden CD. Biochem Pharmacol 1996;51:983-986.=20 Nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease is associated with decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, impaired complex I activity and inh= ibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KGDH) in substantia nigra= . Thioctic acid exerts antioxidant activity through a thiol-disulphide = redox couple and is an essential cofactor for alpha-KGDH. However, it is no= t known whether or not thioctic acid enters basal ganglia or exerts beneficia= l effects in Parkinson's disease. As a global measure of altered cerebr= al function, the effect of R- and S-thioctic acid on 14C-2-deoxyglucose (14C-2DG) incorporation was investigated in rats. Rats were treated w= ith either R- or S-thioctic acid (50 mg/kg IP) or 0.9% saline acutely or = for 5 days and 14C-2DG incorporation in basal ganglia was assessed. Followi= ng acute administration, R- but not S-thioctic acid caused an overall in= crease in 14C-2DG incorporation that was significant in both substantia nigr= a zona compacta and zona reticulata. R-thioctic acid also increased the incorporation of 14C-2DG in the medial forebrain bundle, thalamus, an= d red nucleus. S-thioctic acid decreased 14C-2DG incorporation in the subth= alamic nucleus, but increased it in the red nucleus. Following repeated administration, R-thioctic acid no longer increased 14C-2DG incorpora= tion in either zona compacta or zona reticulata of substantia nigra. However,= both R- and S-thioctic acid now decreased 14C-2DG incorporation in the subthalamic nucleus. The data suggest that thioctic acid does enter t= he brain and can alter neuronal activity in areas of the basal ganglia intimately associated with the motor deficits exhibited in Parkinson= =D5s disease.=20