Tom Riess, This is the best rendition of PD speech characteristics (mine at least) I've seen. You really nailed it. The hardest aspect to understand is the conflict between formulating syntax and executing speech. I didn't realize what was going on originally; I thought I was losing IQ, until I realized what was happening. It's been difficult to explain to others, though. This will help. Thanks for writing up your observations. BTW, your discussing of Melodic Intonation - I have been trying speaking with a fake southern accent and it seems to have the same effect as your melodic intonation taking. Thanks. I'm going to build your contraption. As you offered I will contact you if I need help. Hope it doesn't end me up at the star Vega!! Bruce A (51, 2 1/2)