BArb, you seem to know what help is available, but others may not. If the Patient needs certain treatments, such as vitamin B12 injections, for example, or wound care for skin lesions, etc that must be performed by an LPN, then other services may also be available, such as help with bathing/showering for example. I know there are many requirements that must be met. I also am speaking about the U.S.A. It is not necessary to be destitute, but I think there are some financial qualifications. My mother really has to juggle the "fixed income" to provide for as much care as possible for dad, so any help from Uncle Sam is welcome. My parents have always been "givers" all their lives, so I feel they deserve any help they can get now. I am sure that applies to most everyone on this list. Ken B