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I found the following in the Thorne Abstracts...I don't think they sell anything, but I could be wrong. Phosphatidylserine - June 3, 1995 Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration This double-blind study assesses the therapeutic efficacy and the safety of oral treatment with phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) vs placebo (300 mg/day for 6 months) in a group of geriatric patients with cognitive impairment. A total of 494 elderly patients (age between 65 and 93 years), with moderate to severe cognitive decline, according to the Mini Mental State Examination and Global Deterioration Scale, were recruited in 23 Geriatric or General Medicine Units in Northeastern Italy. Sixty-nine patients dropped out within the 6-month trial period. Patients were examined just before starting therapy, and 3 and 6 months thereafter. The efficacy of treatment compared to placebo was measured on the basis of changes occurring in behavior and cognitive performance using the Plutchik Geriatric Rating Scale and the Buschke Selective Reminding Test. Statistically significant improvements in the phosphatidylserine-treated group compared to placebo were observed both in terms of behavioral and cognitive parameters. In addition, clinical evaluation and laboratory tests demonstrated that BC-PS was well tolerated. These results are clinically important since the patients were representative of the geriatric population commonly met in clinical practice.Cenacchi T, Bertoldin T, Farina C, Fiori MG, Crepaldi G. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration. Aging (ITALY) 5:123-133; 1993. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease We studied 51 patients meeting clinical criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients were treated for 12 weeks with a formulation of bovine cortex phosphatidylserine (BC-PS, 100 mg t.i.d.) or placebo, and those treated with the drug improved on several cognitive measures relative to those administered placebo. Differences between treatment groups were most apparent among patients with less severe cognitive impairment. Results suggest that phosphatidylserine may be a promising candidate for study in the early stages of AD. Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC. Effects of phosphatidylserine in AlzheimerÕs disease. Psychopharmacol Bull 28:61-66; 1992. Pharmacological treatment with phosphatidyl serine of 40 ambulatory patients with senile dementia syndrome Phosphatidyl serine was administered for 60 days to subjects suffering from chronic cerebral decompensation, producing an improvement in mnesic and neuropsychic symptomatology with positive effects even some time after suspension of the drug. Lombardi GF. Pharmacological treatment with phosphatidyl serine of 40 ambulatory patients with senile dementia syndrome. Minerva Med(ITALY) 80:599-602;1989 Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment We treated 149 patients meeting criteria for age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) for 12 weeks with a formulation of phosphatidylserine (100 mg BC-PS tid) or placebo. Patients treated with the drug improved relative to those treated with placebo on performance tests related to learning and memory tasks of daily life. Analysis of clinical subgroups suggested that persons within the sample who performed at a relatively low level prior to treatment were most likely to respond to BC-PS. Within this subgroup, there was improvement on both computerized and standard neuropsychological performance tests, and also on clinical global ratings of improvement. The results suggest that the compound may be a promising candidate for treating memory loss in later life.Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology 41:644-649; 1991. Effects of phosphatidylserine therapy in geriatric patients with depressive disorders The effects of phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) on cognitive, affective and behavioural symptoms were studied in a group of 10 elderly women with depressive disorders. Patients were treated with placebo for 15 days, followed by BC-PS (300 mg/day) for 30 days. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Gottfries-Br.ANG.ane-Steen Rating Scale, NurseÕs Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation and Buschke Selective Reminding Test were administered before and after placebo and after BC-PS therapy, to monitor changes in depression, memory and general behaviour. At the same time, basal plasma levels of noradrenaline, MHPG, DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA, and GH/beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin responses to clonidine stimulation were measured. BC-PS induced consistent improvement of depressive symptoms, memory and behaviour. No changes in amine metabolite levels or in hormonal responses to alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation were observed.Maggioni M, Picotti GB, Bondiolotti GP, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine therapy in geriatric patients with depressive disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand (DENMARK) 81:265-270; 1990. Preliminary evaluation of the effect of GABA and phosphatidylserine in epileptic patients\ The effect of the combined administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and phosphatidylserine was evaluated in a pilot study of 42 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The group included patients with complex partial seizures, simple partial seizures and absence seizures. Patients with complex partial seizures and simple partial seizures showed no significant improvement, on the other hand, there was a remarkable decrease in absence seizures, linearly related to the dose of GABA and phosphatidylserine. Side effects occurred in 9 patients and were usually mild.<I>Loeb C, Benassi E, Bo GP, et al. Preliminary evaluation of the effect of GABA and phosphatidylserine in epileptic patients. Epilepsy Res (NETHERLANDS) 1:209-212; 1987. Double-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients A double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted in 42 hospitalized demented patients to evaluate the therapeutical effect of phosphatidylserine (BS-PS). Half of the patients received 3 X 100 mg of this product, and the other half a placebo of the same appearance. After a wash-out period, prescription lasted for six weeks. To evaluate the patients, two distinct rating scales were used: the Crichton Scale and an original one (Peri Scale) designed in our geriatric unit (see Appendix). A circle crossing test was added. Out of the 35 patients who completed the trial, 18 had received placebo and 17 BC-PS. The results indicated a trend toward improvement in the BC-PS treated patients and an analysis of covariance showed a significant (p less than 0.05) treatment effect on the Peri Scale. The results at the end of the treatment period were compared with those obtained three weeks later. Here again there was a statistically significant difference in the Peri Scale results, indicating that modifications are drug-related. The behavioral improvement shown in this study is in agreement with experimental studies on aged animals.<I>Delwaide PJ, Gyselynck-Mambourg AM, Hurlet A, Ylieff M. Double-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients. Acta Neurol Scand (DENMARK) 73:136-140; 1986. Effects of phosphatidylserine on the neuroendocrine response to physical stress in humans The activity of brain cortex-derived phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) on the neuroendocrine and neurovegetative responses to physical stress was tested in 8 healthy men who underwent three experiments with a bicycle ergometer. According to a double-blind design, before starting the exercise, each subject received intravenously, within 10 min, 50 or 75 mg of BC-PS or a volume-matched placebo diluted in 100 ml of saline. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise for plasma epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and glucose determinations. Blood pressure and heart rate were also recorded. Physical stress induced a clear-cut increase in plasma E, NE, ACTH, cortisol, GH and PRL, whereas no significant change was observed in plasma DA and glucose. Pretreatment with both 50 and 75 mg BC-PS significantly blunted the ACTH and cortisol responses to physical stress.Monteleone P, Beinat L,Tanzillo C, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine on the neuroendocrine response to physical stress in humans. Neuroendocrinology 52:243-248; 1990. Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men The effect of chronic administration of phosphatidylserine derived from brain cortex on the neuroendocrine responses to physical stress has been examined in a placebo-controlled study in 9 healthy men. Phosphatidylserine 800 mg/d for 10 days significantly blunted the ACTH and cortisol responses to physical exercise (P = 0.003 and P = 0.03, respectively), without affecting the rise in plasma GH and PRL. Physical exercise significantly increased the plasma lactate concentration both after placebo and phosphatidylserine. The results suggest that chronic oral administration of phosphatidylserine may counteract stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in man.<I>Monteleone P, Maj M, Beinat L, et al. Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (GERMANY) 42:385-388; 1992. Double-blind study with phosphatidylserine (PS) in Parkinsonian patients with senile dementia of AlzheimerÕs type Experimental and clinical studies showed that PhosphatidylserineÑspecial preparation from cowÕs brain by FIDIA, Abano Terme, ItalyÑis able to influence cerebral changes contributed to the symptoms of senile dementia of AlzheimerÕs type. The application of the computerized EEG method DYNAMIC BRAIN MAPPING (HZI Research Center, Tarrytown, New York) is able to proof the therapeutic effect of Phosphatidylserine: the acceleration of a slowed EEG in Parkinsonian patients with SDAT. These reactions were seen previous to the favourable clinical influence documented by the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale (SCAG), which showed a significant amelioration in anxiety, motivation and affectivity by the verum drug. Acute and long-term CEEG resultsÑtill 18 monthsÑshowed that the so-called Theta anteriorisation can be reduced or even abolished, this is replaced by Alpha waves. Even in preclinical cerebral changes this method open the possibility to show incipient alterations of the brain metabolism. Preliminary therapeutic results leads to this and not proven hypothesis that prevention or retardation of cerebral ageing might be possible.<I>Funfgeld EW, Baggen M, Nedwidek P, et al. Double-blind study with phosphatidylserine (PS) in parkinsonian patients with senile dementia of AlzheimerÕs type (SDAT). Prog Clin Biol Res 317:1235-1246; 1989. Double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine vs. placebo in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type Thirty-three patients with mild primary degenerative dementia according to DSM-III (MMS between 15 and 27) took part in a double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine (Fidia, 300 mg/d) versus placebo. Both treatment phases lasted for 8 weeks with an 8 week washout phase in between and a 4 week washout phase before treatment phase one. Clinical global improvement ratings showed significantly more patients improving under BC-PS than under placebo during treatment phase one. The improvement carried over to the following wash-out and treatment phases. There were no significant improvements in GBS dementia rating scale, psychometric tests or P300-latency. 16-channel EEG mapping findings indicated that the patients initially showed higher power values in all frequency bands (except alpha), when compared to a younger, healthy control group. BC-PS reduced the higher power values compared to placebo, shifting EEG power more towards the normal level.<I>Engel RR, Satzger W, Gunther W, et al. Double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine vs. placebo in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol (NETHERLANDS) 2 :149-155; 1992. Phosphatidylserine in elderly patients. An open trial Thirty-five patients (19 males, 16 females) with prevalent involvement of cognitive functions associated with behavioural changes, were treated with phosphatidylserine (300 mg daily) for a period of two months. The therapeutic activity of the drug was evaluated through neuropsychological tests and behavioural rating scales. The results obtained encourage us to suggest phosphatidylserine as a possible useful tool in the treatment of mild and moderate deterioration of cognitive functions.Granata Q, DiMichele J. Phosphatidylserine in elderly patients. An open trial. Clin Trials J 24:99-103; 1987.