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Hi Kathy, I wonder how crow tastes sprinkled with a generous helping of Phosphatidalserine- if I remember to take it. The list of references that you attach are indeed impressive. Over the next several days I will look at the US literature and other worldwide literature to see how many negative studies exist and in general to see if the presentation needs balancing out. In the mean time I will also scan the net for crow recipes. Charlie Kathie Tollifson wrote: > > I found the following in the Thorne Abstracts...I don't think they sell > anything, but I could be wrong. > > Phosphatidylserine - June 3, 1995 > > Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled > multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration > > This double-blind study assesses the therapeutic efficacy and the safety > of oral treatment with phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) vs placebo (300 mg/day > for 6 months) in a group of geriatric patients with cognitive impairment. > A total of 494 elderly patients (age between 65 and 93 years), with moderate > to severe cognitive decline, according to the Mini Mental State Examination > and Global Deterioration Scale, were recruited in 23 Geriatric or General > Medicine Units in Northeastern Italy. Sixty-nine patients dropped out within > the 6-month trial period. Patients were examined just before starting therapy, > and 3 and 6 months thereafter. The efficacy of treatment compared to placebo > was measured on the basis of changes occurring in behavior and cognitive > performance using the Plutchik Geriatric Rating Scale and the Buschke Selective > Reminding Test. Statistically significant improvements in the > phosphatidylserine-treated > group compared to placebo were observed both in terms of behavioral and > cognitive parameters. In addition, clinical evaluation and laboratory tests > demonstrated that BC-PS was well tolerated. These results are clinically > important since the patients were representative of the geriatric population > commonly met in clinical practice.Cenacchi T, Bertoldin T, Farina C, > Fiori MG, Crepaldi G. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, > placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine > administration. Aging (ITALY) 5:123-133; 1993. > > Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease > > We studied 51 patients meeting clinical criteria for probable Alzheimer's > disease (AD). Patients were treated for 12 weeks with a formulation of > bovine cortex phosphatidylserine (BC-PS, 100 mg t.i.d.) or placebo, and > those treated with the drug improved on several cognitive measures relative > to those administered placebo. Differences between treatment groups were > most apparent among patients with less severe cognitive impairment. Results > suggest that phosphatidylserine may be a promising candidate for study > in the early stages of AD. > > Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC. Effects of phosphatidylserine > in AlzheimerÕs disease. Psychopharmacol Bull 28:61-66; 1992. > > Pharmacological treatment with phosphatidyl serine of 40 ambulatory > patients with senile dementia syndrome > > Phosphatidyl serine was administered for 60 days to subjects suffering > from chronic cerebral decompensation, producing an improvement in mnesic > and neuropsychic symptomatology with positive effects even some time after > suspension of the drug. > > Lombardi GF. Pharmacological treatment with phosphatidyl serine of 40 > ambulatory patients with senile dementia syndrome. Minerva Med(ITALY) > 80:599-602;1989 > Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment > > We treated 149 patients meeting criteria for age-associated memory impairment > (AAMI) for 12 weeks with a formulation of phosphatidylserine (100 mg BC-PS > tid) or placebo. Patients treated with the drug improved relative to those > treated with placebo on performance tests related to learning and memory > tasks of daily life. Analysis of clinical subgroups suggested that persons > within the sample who performed at a relatively low level prior to treatment > were most likely to respond to BC-PS. Within this subgroup, there was > improvement > on both computerized and standard neuropsychological performance tests, > and also on clinical global ratings of improvement. The results suggest > that the compound may be a promising candidate for treating memory loss > in later life.Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, et al. Effects of > phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology 41:644-649; > 1991. > > Effects of phosphatidylserine therapy in geriatric patients with depressive > disorders > > The effects of phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) on cognitive, affective and > behavioural symptoms were studied in a group of 10 elderly women with depressive > disorders. Patients were treated with placebo for 15 days, followed by > BC-PS (300 mg/day) for 30 days. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, > Gottfries-Br.ANG.ane-Steen Rating Scale, NurseÕs Observation Scale > for Inpatient Evaluation and Buschke Selective Reminding Test were administered > before and after placebo and after BC-PS therapy, to monitor changes in > depression, memory and general behaviour. At the same time, basal plasma > levels of noradrenaline, MHPG, DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA, and > GH/beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin > responses to clonidine stimulation were measured. BC-PS induced consistent > improvement of depressive symptoms, memory and behaviour. No changes in > amine metabolite levels or in hormonal responses to alpha 2-adrenoceptor > stimulation were observed.Maggioni M, Picotti GB, Bondiolotti GP, et > al. Effects of phosphatidylserine therapy in geriatric patients with depressive > disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand (DENMARK) 81:265-270; 1990. > > Preliminary evaluation of the effect of GABA and phosphatidylserine > in epileptic patients\ > > The effect of the combined administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid > (GABA) and phosphatidylserine was evaluated in a pilot study of 42 patients > with drug-resistant epilepsy. The group included patients with complex > partial seizures, simple partial seizures and absence seizures. Patients > with complex partial seizures and simple partial seizures showed no significant > improvement, on the other hand, there was a remarkable decrease in absence > seizures, linearly related to the dose of GABA and phosphatidylserine. > Side effects occurred in 9 patients and were usually mild.<I>Loeb C, Benassi > E, Bo GP, et al. Preliminary evaluation of the effect of GABA and > phosphatidylserine > in epileptic patients. Epilepsy Res (NETHERLANDS) 1:209-212; 1987. > > Double-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine in senile > demented patients > > A double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted in 42 hospitalized > demented patients to evaluate the therapeutical effect of phosphatidylserine > (BS-PS). Half of the patients received 3 X 100 mg of this product, and > the other half a placebo of the same appearance. After a wash-out period, > prescription lasted for six weeks. To evaluate the patients, two distinct > rating scales were used: the Crichton Scale and an original one (Peri Scale) > designed in our geriatric unit (see Appendix). A circle crossing test was > added. Out of the 35 patients who completed the trial, 18 had received > placebo and 17 BC-PS. The results indicated a trend toward improvement > in the BC-PS treated patients and an analysis of covariance showed a significant > (p less than 0.05) treatment effect on the Peri Scale. The results at the > end of the treatment period were compared with those obtained three weeks > later. Here again there was a statistically significant difference in the > Peri Scale results, indicating that modifications are drug-related. The > behavioral improvement shown in this study is in agreement with experimental > studies on aged animals.<I>Delwaide PJ, Gyselynck-Mambourg AM, Hurlet A, > Ylieff M. Double-blind randomized controlled study of phosphatidylserine > in senile demented patients. Acta Neurol Scand (DENMARK) 73:136-140; 1986. > > Effects of phosphatidylserine on the neuroendocrine response to physical > stress in humans > > The activity of brain cortex-derived phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) on the > neuroendocrine and neurovegetative responses to physical stress was tested > in 8 healthy men who underwent three experiments with a bicycle ergometer. > According to a double-blind design, before starting the exercise, each > subject received intravenously, within 10 min, 50 or 75 mg of BC-PS or > a volume-matched placebo diluted in 100 ml of saline. Blood samples were > collected before and after the exercise for plasma epinephrine (E), > norepinephrine > (NE), dopamine (DA), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, growth hormone > (GH), prolactin (PRL) and glucose determinations. Blood pressure and heart > rate were also recorded. Physical stress induced a clear-cut increase in > plasma E, NE, ACTH, cortisol, GH and PRL, whereas no significant change > was observed in plasma DA and glucose. Pretreatment with both 50 and 75 > mg BC-PS significantly blunted the ACTH and cortisol responses to physical > stress.Monteleone P, Beinat L,Tanzillo C, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine > on the neuroendocrine response to physical stress in humans. Neuroendocrinology > 52:243-248; 1990. > > Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced > activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men > > The effect of chronic administration of phosphatidylserine derived from > brain cortex on the neuroendocrine responses to physical stress has been > examined in a placebo-controlled study in 9 healthy men. Phosphatidylserine > 800 mg/d for 10 days significantly blunted the ACTH and cortisol responses > to physical exercise (P = 0.003 and P = 0.03, respectively), without affecting > the rise in plasma GH and PRL. Physical exercise significantly increased > the plasma lactate concentration both after placebo and phosphatidylserine. > The results suggest that chronic oral administration of phosphatidylserine > may counteract stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal > axis in man.<I>Monteleone P, Maj M, Beinat L, et al. Blunting by chronic > phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the > hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol > (GERMANY) 42:385-388; 1992. > > Double-blind study with phosphatidylserine (PS) in Parkinsonian patients > with senile dementia of AlzheimerÕs type > > Experimental and clinical studies showed that PhosphatidylserineÑspecial > preparation from cowÕs brain by FIDIA, Abano Terme, ItalyÑis > able to influence cerebral changes contributed to the symptoms of senile > dementia of AlzheimerÕs type. The application of the computerized > EEG method DYNAMIC BRAIN MAPPING (HZI Research Center, Tarrytown, New York) > is able to proof the therapeutic effect of Phosphatidylserine: the acceleration > of a slowed EEG in Parkinsonian patients with SDAT. These reactions were > seen previous to the favourable clinical influence documented by the Sandoz > Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale (SCAG), which showed a significant > amelioration in anxiety, motivation and affectivity by the verum drug. > Acute and long-term CEEG resultsÑtill 18 monthsÑshowed that > the so-called Theta anteriorisation can be reduced or even abolished, this > is replaced by Alpha waves. Even in preclinical cerebral changes this method > open the possibility to show incipient alterations of the brain metabolism. > Preliminary therapeutic results leads to this and not proven hypothesis > that prevention or retardation of cerebral ageing might be possible.<I>Funfgeld > EW, Baggen M, Nedwidek P, et al. Double-blind study with phosphatidylserine > (PS) in parkinsonian patients with senile dementia of AlzheimerÕs > type (SDAT). Prog Clin Biol Res 317:1235-1246; 1989. > > Double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine vs. placebo in > patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type > > Thirty-three patients with mild primary degenerative dementia according > to DSM-III (MMS between 15 and 27) took part in a double-blind cross-over > study of phosphatidylserine (Fidia, 300 mg/d) versus placebo. Both treatment > phases lasted for 8 weeks with an 8 week washout phase in between and a > 4 week washout phase before treatment phase one. Clinical global improvement > ratings showed significantly more patients improving under BC-PS than under > placebo during treatment phase one. The improvement carried over to the > following wash-out and treatment phases. There were no significant improvements > in GBS dementia rating scale, psychometric tests or P300-latency. 16-channel > EEG mapping findings indicated that the patients initially showed higher > power values in all frequency bands (except alpha), when compared to a > younger, healthy control group. BC-PS reduced the higher power values compared > to placebo, shifting EEG power more towards the normal level.<I>Engel RR, > Satzger W, Gunther W, et al. Double-blind cross-over study of phosphatidylserine > vs. placebo in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer type. Eur > Neuropsychopharmacol (NETHERLANDS) 2 :149-155; 1992. > > Phosphatidylserine in elderly patients. An open trial > > Thirty-five patients (19 males, 16 females) with prevalent involvement > of cognitive functions associated with behavioural changes, were treated > with phosphatidylserine (300 mg daily) for a period of two months. The > therapeutic activity of the drug was evaluated through neuropsychological > tests and behavioural rating scales. The results obtained encourage us > to suggest phosphatidylserine as a possible useful tool in the treatment > of mild and moderate deterioration of cognitive functions.Granata Q, > DiMichele J. Phosphatidylserine in elderly patients. An open trial. Clin > Trials J 24:99-103; 1987. -- CHARLES T. MEYER, M.D. Middleton, WI [log in to unmask]