Alastair, I 'm glad that someone else has the same suspiction that PD's many symptoms are more result of unbalanced spams in the neurons than necessarly the lack ,or excess, of dopamine in the brain.However it is clear too that the amount of the introduced dopamine may interfere with these symptoms processes.To find the way to balance again these firing spams seems to be to find the solution for the problems. regards ,jp. Alastair Wyse wrote: PD is not as conventional theory maintains a lack of dopamine in > the brain but a brain neurological firing pattern spasm . That means > that the normal firing pattern of the neurons has changed and this > change in the pattern can be caused by many things . Dopamine > defficiency is by far the most common cause . Other causes are tumors, > hydrocephalus,chemicals and disease . +----| Joao Paulo de Carvalho |------ + | [log in to unmask] | +--------| Salvador-Bahia-Brazil |------+