Hi Janet This thread has contributions that seem to suggest that changing the blood flow to the brain changes the electrical activity . The opposite is the standard view of the brain . A change in brain cell use changes the blood flow pattern . The brain has a way of altering the blood flow so those cells that need the extra oxygen and glucose get it . This fact is used in determining which parts of the brain do what . By changing the stimulus one can observe a change in blood flow . The change in blood flow before and after Pallidotomy has been confirmed in other reseach establishments and it forms the main reason why I think PD is a brain neuron firing patterm spasm . The pattern is a continual process of one neuron triggering another it does not stop but goes round and round the brain in many different circles and paths . The normal brain has a certain pattern and this can be seen by the blood flow pattern . In PD a new chaotic pattern is established and this can be seen by a different blood flow pattern . For this new pattern to exist it is necessary for certain neurons in the pallidus and thallamus to fire far more than normal ( hyperactive ) . By preventing these hyperactive neurons firing the brain neuron firing pattern can be changed back to normal . The pattern must go round and round . Electrical activity in the brain cannot stop . Pallidotomy stops these cells firing by destroying them . DBS stops the hyperactivity by interferring electricaly in the neuron firing pattern . Many different things cause this spasm ( tumor , hydrocephalus , low dopamine etc. ) This spasm also causes underactivity in certain brain cells leading to atrophy and death of those cells . This causes dementia . Janet this web page was very important in the formation of my heresy peace Alastair ( [log in to unmask] )