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<title>Gene Tied To Rare Form Of Parkinson's Disease</title>
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<strong>
<!-- Yahoo TimeStamp: 892074840 -->
Wednesday April 8 6:34 PM EDT
</strong>
<h2>Gene Tied To Rare Form Of Parkinson's Disease</h2>
<!-- Yahoo TimeStamp: 892074840 -->
<p>
NEW YORK (Reuters) -- Japanese researchers have found that
mutations of a particular gene cause a rare form of Parkinson's
disease called juvenile parkinsonism. In a report in the April
9th issue of the journal Nature, the team identify the gene and
propose how such gene mutations may disrupt normal brain
function.
<p>
Parkinson's disease normally affects older adults, causing
tremor, rigidity, and muscular difficulties, and is probably
"initiated by a combination of genetic predisposition and
environmental factors," explain the authors. Juvenile
parkinsonism, which is much less common, causes the same
symptoms in adolescents and young adults.
<p>
Led by Nobuyoshi Shimizu of Keio University School of
Medicine in Tokyo, the researchers screened the DNA of one
Japanese juvenile parkinsonism patient, and identified mutations
in a gene on chromosome 6. The team then found deletions in the
same gene in four other juvenile parkinsonism patients from four
separate families. They concluded that the gene contains the
information to make a protein that they name "parkin," and
that this protein "must be responsible" for the development of
that disease.
<p>
The parkin gene codes for a protein found throughout the
body, including the substantia nigra, an area of the brain that
controls voluntary movement. Damage to neurons in the substantia
nigra is connected to the progression of Parkinson's disease.
<p>
In addition, the newly discovered protein is similar to
proteins implicated in other neurodegenerative diseases like
Alzheimer's disease. Parkin "may function similarly" to those
proteins,
suggest the investigators.
<p>
In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Robert L. Nussbaum of the
National Human Genome Research Institute points out that "there
is currently much speculation as to whether a defect in
(protein) function could play a role in Parkinson's." Nussbaum
proposes two hypotheses that explain how abnormal proteins could
cause neuronal damage, and concludes that Shimizu's team "may
have identified a previously nonrecognized component of what
will certainly be a complex pathogenetic pathway leading to
Parkinson's disease."
SOURCE: Nature (1998;392:544-545, 605-608)
<hr>
Previous Story: <a href="/headlines/health/story.html?s=z/reuters/980408/health/stories/osteo11_1.html"><b>Genetic Clues To Osteoporosis</b></a>
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Next Story: <a href="/headlines/health/story.html?s=z/reuters/980408/health/stories/gene13_1.html"><b>Genes Linked To Glaucoma</b></a>
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