Darwin Hawkins wrote wondering what caused PD before pesticides, electromagnetic energy, etc. came along. To my knowledge, PD has not "been with the human race for millennia". It's probably a result of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century and the pollution that it produced. It was at that time that James Parkinson described it in England. Before that, people did not live long enough to get it, and the more "natural" forms of pollution (poor sanitation) probably did not cause PD. Thoughts, anyone? Ann Gibbons CG for Joe 64/1