Nicotineamide Adenine Dinucleotide, reduced (H) is a rather ubiquitous substance in the life of individual cells including brain cells. There it plays many roles ass an enzyme co factor. It is, for instance, an indispensable cofactor in the production and function of tyrosine hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of dopamine. Some say this substance can substitute for a great deal of L-dopa. Others use it as an adjunct therapy to a more or less standard regimen of Sinemet, Permax, Mirapex, etc., ( with the idea of being able to cut back on the other meds.) Unfortunately no "self respecting " physician will touch it (at least to my knowledge) because there has not been enough published extensive studies. Dr Birkmayer of Vienna Austria holds the US patent on it as a food supplement. Because of this situation, unfortunately, one must choose to take it without knowing the potential dangers, if any, from interactions and side effects. Regards, WHH 55/19/19