In a message dated 10/5/98 9:50:20 PM Central Daylight Time, [log in to unmask] writes: << What I can do - and hope that I have succeeded in doing - is explain why HMO's have appeared and how some control must be placed on insurance costs. >> Art, As always a good opinion, However have you considered what the picture would look like if, God willing, he had remained healthy for the thirty years, and invested that insurance money in the stock market? Nether have I but it might be interesting to do this exercise someday. Regards, WHH