As Judith's posted article tells, the gamma knife technique is a seductive idea because it is noninvasive; but trial use as treatment for PD has been disappointing. Some of the sites in the brain that need to be destroyed for that treatment are so small and so close to other brain locations where damage could be disastrous (e.g.,blindness) that the requirement for aiming accuracy is on the order of a millimeter. Up to now, the only means of achieving that accuracy has been microelectrode stimulation and/or recording, which can locate the exact individual cells to be treated. But that requires physical presence of the electrode at the desired site, with the attendant risks of invasive surgery. Cheers, Joe -- J. R. Bruman (818) 789-3694 3527 Cody Road Sherman Oaks, CA 91403-5013