Here's another reference (from CSR JUN 96) for those who want to dig deeper into the subject of Phil Tompkins' recent post: Goyal R, Hirano I; NEJM, 25 Apr 1996:1106-1115: Review of the enteric nervous system, which functions independent of the central nervous system and may be affected in PD. Authors list many neurotransmitters of the enteric ns but, curiously, omit dopamine. Cheers, Joe -- J. R. Bruman (818) 789-3694 3527 Cody Road Sherman Oaks, CA 91403-5013