Dr. Lester Packer is a cell biologist on the faculty of the University of California at Berkeley, where he is a professor in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and head of the Packer Laboratory. Now in his 70's, he has researched antioxidants for nearly 50 years, during which time he published numerous professional articles and books. Recently his first book for the non-scientist appeared. Titled "The Antioxidant Miracle," the book addresses the use of antioxidants against disease and aging. I was put off by the word "Miracle", but because Dr. Packer's credentials are certainly impressive and titles are often forced upon authors by editors, I decided to read it and write a review for the list. While "The Antioxidant Miracle" contains only a few explicit references to Parkinson's disease, there is much in it that is relevant. Antioxidants counteract the effects of oxidation by free radicals. Whatever the causes of PD may be, postmortem examinations of the brains of people with PD have found widespread oxidative damage. Such damage, it is believed, can be retarded by the use of antioxidants. In fact, one of the antioxidants discussed by Dr. Packer, coenzyme Q10, is now undergoing clinical trials for use against PD. Which particular antioxidants will turn out to be effective against PD and in what doses and combinations is still to be researched. However, it appears that at least one guideline can already be inferred from Dr. Packer's research -- that a combination of antioxidants and supporting substances will be more effective than any one used alone. Five antioxidants have been identified which work together in a special way, and which, for that reason, Dr. Packer has designated as "network" antioxidants. These are vitamins C and E, lipoic acid, glutathione, and coenzyme Q10. After deactivating a free radical, an antioxidant itself becomes a weak free radical. What distinguishes the network antioxidants is that after one of them has become a weak free radical it can be restored to its antioxidant state ("recycled") by one or more of the other network antioxidants. Lipoic acid, a.k.a. alpha-lipoic acid and thioctic acid, regarded by Dr. Packer as the most vesatile of the network antioxidants, may be unfamiliar to many readers. Lipoic acid is soluble in both water and fat, crosses the brain-blood barrer, and is the only network antioxidant that is able to recycle any of the network antioxidants, including itself. Additional antioxidants and supporting substances described in the book include the flavonoids ginkgo biloba and pycnogenol; the carotenoids alpha carotene, beta carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin; and selenium. Dr. Packer identifies the food sources of all these antioxidants and supportive substances, and he recommends a "cocktail" of them as a supplement. He includes special recommendations for smokers, diabetics, athletes, menopausal women, and people at risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Note that glutathione, which is synthesized by the body from its components, is not recommended as a supplement, because it is either broken down by digestion or else not absorbed well through the intestines. I found it to be a significant omission that there was no discussion of varying dosage requirements depending on age, considering that oxidative damage increases with age and that one of the uses of antioxidants is to delay such damage. Dr. Packer practices what he preaches -- he apparently takes the supplements that he recommends. Also, and here one may have reservations or wonder about a possible conflict of interest between scientific objectivity and market rewards, he has gone commercial. The book gives a toll-free number and a web site via which Dr. Packer's "cocktail" can be purchased. The web site, http://www.networkantioxidants.com, contains some of the information that is given in the book, including an excerpt and the "cocktail" formula. Phil Tompkins Hoboken NJ age 61/dx 1990